
Glass. 
Book 



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HISTOEY 



THE UNITED STATES. ' 



(>) 



HISTORY 



OP THE 



UNITED STATES 

FROM 1492 TO 1866, 
FOR THE USE OF SCHOOLS. 



BY 

JOSEPH C. MARTINDALE, M.D. 

PRINCIPAL OF THE FOREST GRAMMAR SCHOOL, PHILADELPHIA; A MEMBER OF 

THE ACADEMT OP NATURAL SCIENCES, PHILADELPHIA; OF THK 

HISTORICAL SOCIETY OF PENNSYLVANIA, ETC. 



PHILADELPHIA: 
JAME S K. SIMON, 

No. 33 S. Sixth Street. 

1866. 



Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1866, by 

JOSEPH C. MARTINDALE, 

in the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United States for the 
Eastern District of Pennsylvania. 



_^^^* J. FAGAN & SOX, fe>5Mr 

^^ <^ , 8TERE0TYPERS, PHILAD'A. \^'^'^^ 

^'\c— ^ "^ ^^ 

PRINTED BY SHERMAN h CO. 



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PREFACE. 



In preparing this History of the United States, 
the author has endeavored to meet the wants of 
our Common Schools as expressed to him bj 
many of the prominent educators in this country, 
and as suggested by his own experience as a 
teacher. 

Some teachers instruct their pupils, when pre- 
paring a history lesson for recitation, not to com- 
mit the whole of the text to memory, but to 
extract the meaning from it and to express that 
meaning in sentences of their own. When this 
is done, the pupils, except it be in some of the 
higher classes of our Academies and Universi- 
ties, often neglect the events which are important 
and study those which are unimportant. They 
also frequently express what they do learn in 
ungrammatical sentences, or in sentences giving- 
a very imperfect idea of the meaning intended. 
In order to obviate these difficulties, most teachers 
require their pupils to commit the text to mem- 
ory, knowing, from experience, that the only 



VI PREFACE. 

way to teach children successfully is to require 
them to be exact in all their answers. When 
this is d^ne, much of the detail that is ususdly 
found in our school histories may, with advan- 
tage, be omitted. The author has therefore aimed 
at presenting the important events of the history 
of our country in a clear, concise style, unadorned 
by/ the vivid descriptions and imaginings which 
make our histories pleasing as reading-books, 
but which, experience teaches the practical in- 
structor, are not at all suited to the wants of the 
school-room. 

The Chronological Table contains almost every 
event mefltioned in this History, and will be 
found a useful adjunct if used in connection with 
the text. 

This little work is intended for the Common 
Schools of our country, and, as such, is submitted 
to the public. 

J. C. M. 

Philadelphia, 3d Month Ist, 1866. 



CONTENTS. 



Page 



Discoveries ^ 



Settlements 

King William's War . 

Queen Anne's War . 

King George's War 

French and Indian War 

From the French War to the Revolution 

The American Revolution 

Events to the Adoption of the Constitution 

The Federal Constitution 

Adams's Administration 

Jefferson's Administration 

Madison's Administration 

Monroe's Administration . 

Jackson's Administration 

Van Buren's Administration 

Harrison's Administration 

Polk's Administration 

Taylor's Administration 

Pierce's Administration . 

Buchanan's Administration 

Lincoln's Administration 

Chronological Table . 

(vii) 



13 
35 

36 

37 

38 

43 

47 

70 

73 

77 

78 

81 

92 

94 

97 

98 

99 

104 

106 

107 

109 

137 



HISTOEY 



THE UNITED STATES 



DISCOVERIES (1492-1607). 

1. In 1492, tlie New World, comprising the conti- 
nents of North and South America, was discovered 
by Christopher Columbus, a native of Genoa. 

2. In 1497, John Cabot, with his son Sebastian, sailed 
from England, and discovered Labrador and Newfound- 
land. 

3. In 1498, Sebastian Cabot made a second voyage 
to America, and explored the coast from Labrador to 
Maryland. 

4. In 1499, Americus Vespucius made a voyage to 
the New World, and succeeded in having it named after 
himself. 

5. In 1512, Juan Ponce de Leon sailed from Porto 
Kico, and on Easter Sunday, called by the Spaniards Pas- 
cua Florida, he discovered a country which, on account 

Questions. — 1. When and by whom was America discovered? 
2. What di8coveries were made in 1497 ? 3. In 1498 ? 4. What is 
said of Americus Vespucius ? 5. Give an account of the discovery 
of Florida. 

(9) 



10 HISTORY OP THE UNITED STATES. 

of its blooming appearance and the day when first seen, 
was called Florida. 

6. In 1524, John Verrazani sailed from France on a 
voyage of discovery, and reached the continent in the 
latitude of Wilmington, North Carolina. He then ex- 
plored the whole coast northward as far as Nova Scotia. 

7. In 1534, James Cartier sailed from France, and 
in twenty days reached Newfoundland. He discovered 
and named the Grulf and River of St. Lawrence, and 
took possession of the country in the name of the French 
king. 

8. In 1535, while on a second voyage, Cartier sailed 
up the river St. Lawrence to Montreal. He returned to 
the Isle of Orleans, where he passed the winter, and in 
the spring sailed for France. 

9. In 1539, Ferdinand de Soto, a Spaniard, landed 
on the coast of Florida with the design of conquering 
that country. He marched westward, and, in 1541, 
discovered the Mississippi River. 

10. In 1542, as they were about to descend the Mis- 
sissippi, De Soto died, and his body was sunk in the 
depths of the stream he had discovered. The remnant 
of his followers afterwards found their way to a Spanish 
settlement in Mexico. 

11. In 1541, Cartier sailed on a third voyage to the 
St. Lawrence. He built a fort near the present site of 

6. Of the voyage of Verrazani to America. 7. "What i8 said of Car- 
tier's first voyage to America? 8. What of hia second voyage? 
9. What is said of De Soto's expedition to America? 10. What 
became of him and his followers? 11. What is said of Cartier's 
third voyage ? 



DISCOVERIES. 11 

Quebec, where he passed the winter; but his com- 
panions were dissatisfied, and he returned to France 
the following spring. 

12. In 1562, Admiral Coligny of France sent an 
expedition under Ribault to Florida. He explored the 
coast from St. John's River to Port Royal entrance, where 
he planted a colony which was afterwards abandoned. 

13. In 1564, Coligny sent out another expedition to 
Florida, under the command of Laudonnier, who made 
a settlement on the River St. John's. In 1565, Ribault 
arrived with additional emigrants and supplies. 

14. The Spaniards sent out Melendez with an expe- 
dition to destroy the French colony in Florida. He 
arrived in September, 1565, and laid the foundation of 
St. Augustine, after which he captured the French fort 
and murdered all its inmates. 

15. In 1565, De Gourges, a French soldier, sent out 
an expedition which destroyed some of the Spanish forts 
in Florida and put their garrisons to death. 

16. In 1583, Sir Humphrey Gilbert, having obtained 
a patent from Elizabeth, Queen of England, set sail for 
Newfoundland. A series of disasters induced him to 
return to England, when the vessel in which he sailed 
was lost, and all on board perished. 

17. In 1584, Sir Walter Raleigh, brother-in-law of 
Gilbert, sent out two vessels under the command of 

12. What is said of the expedition sent out under Ribault? 
13. What of the expedition under Laudonnier ? When did Ribault 
arrive? 14. What was done by Melendez? 15. How did the French 
retaliate? 16. What is said of Gilbert's expedition ? 17. What is 
said of the expedition under Amidas and Barlow ? 



12 HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 

Amidas and Barlow. They explored the Albemarle and 
Pamlico sounds, and named the country Virginia, in 
honor of Elizabeth, the Virgin Queen. 

18. In 1585, Kaleigh sent out another fleet under Sir 
Richard Grenville, who left a colony on Roanoke Island 
under the control of Ralph Lane. They became dis- 
couraged, and, early the next year, all returned to Eng- 
land with Sir Francis Drake. 

19. In 1587, Raleigh sent out another company of 
emigrants to Roanoke Island, under John White. He 
was sent to England^ for supplies, and on his return, 
three years afterwards, no trace of the colony remained. 

20. In 1602, Bartholomew Gosnold sailed from Eng- 
land to the coast of Massachusetts. He discovered and 
named Cape Cod, and the islands of Nantucket and 
Martha's Vinyard. 

21. In 1606, the King of England granted the coun- 
try from the 34th to the 38th degree of north latitude 
to the London Company, and that from the 41st to the 
45th degree to the Plymouth Company, for the purpose 
of establishing colonies. 

18. What of the one under Richard Grenville? 19. What is 
said of the settlement on Roanoke Island under John White ? 
20. What did Gosnold do? 21. What grants were made by the 
King of England? 



SETTLEMENTS OF THE STATES. 



VIRGINIA. 

1. In 1607, Captain Newport, with one liundred and 
five persons, was sent out by the London Company to 
establish a colony in Virginia. He sailed up the James 
River and laid the foundation of Jamestown. 

2. The early colonists suffered greatly from the hos- 
tility of the Indians, and from hunger, cold, and disease. 
Many of their number died, and they were about to 
abandon the colony, when Captain John Smith assumed 
the command and induced them to remain. 

3. While on a voyage up the Chickahominy, Smith 
was captured by the Indians and taken to Powhatan, 
who condemned him to die. His life was spared through 
the intercessions of Pocahontas, the daughter of Pow- 
hatan, and he was permitted to return to Jamestown. 

4. New settlers arrived, and the colony continued in 
a state of prosperity until Smith was compelled to return 
to England, in 1610, when order and industry ceased, 
and all was again confusion. 

1. What was done by Captain Newport? 2. What was the con- 
dition of the early settlers? 3. What happened to Smith while on 
his voyage ? How was his life saved ? 4. What is said of the colony 
before and after Smith's departure to England? 

2 (13) 



14 HISTORY OP THE UNITED STATES. 

5. The colonists now prepared a second time to aban- 
don the colony, but the arrival of Lord Delaware, with 
ships and supplies, prevented their departure. 

6. The colony was governed by martial law until 
1619, when the first Legislative Assembly in America 
met at Jamestown. 

7. In 1620, African slavery was introduced into the 
colony by the Dutch. During the same year ninety 
young women were sent to the settlement, as wives for 
the planters. 

8. In 1622, the Indians formed a plan for destroying 
the English. The plot was revealed by a friendly 
Indian, and some of the larger settlements were saved, 
but those on the outskirts of the colony were entirely 
destroyed. The number of the plantations was thus 
reduced from eighty to eight. 

9. In 1624y the London Company was dissolved, Vir- 
ginia became a royal province, and its governors were 
appointed by the king. 

10. In 1639, Sir William Berkeley was appointed 
governor. He ruled with moderation, and continued in 
oflSce for twenty-seven years. 

11. In 1644, a second Indian massacre occurred. It 
was followed by a war which lasted two years, and ended 
in the submission of the Indians to the English. 

5. What prevented the colony being abandoned ? 6. What change 
was made in the government of the colony? 7. What was brought 
into the colony in 1620 ? 8. What is said of the massacre in 1622? 
9. What was done in 1624 ? 10. What is said of Sir William Berke- 
ley ? 11. What of the second Indian massacre ? 



SETTLEMENTS OF THE STATES. 15 

12. In 1663, Parliament enforced the Navigation 
Act, which prohibited the colonists from importing or 
exporting goods except in British vessels. 

13. In 1676, Nathaniel Bacon headed a party and 
compelled Governor Berkeley to submit to his authority. 
Soon after this Bacon suddenly died and the rebellion 
was suppressed. 

14. In 1677, Culpepper became governor, but he was 
deprived of his office in 1684. Virginia then became a 
royal province, and was so continued until the Bevo- 
lution. 

NEW YORK. 

1. In 1609, Henry Hudson, who was in the service 
of the Dutch East India Company, discovered the Hud- 
son River, which he ascended as far as Albany. In 
consequence of this the Dutch claimed the country and 
named it New Netherlands. 

2. In 1614, the Dutch erected a few rude hovels on 
Manhattan Island. The settlement was called New 
Amsterdam. 

3. In 1614, a settlement was made at Fort Orange 
(Albany). During the same year New Netherlands was 
captured by the English under Argall, who retained 
possession of it until the next summer. 

12. What is said of the Navigation Act? 13, What is said of 
Bacon's rebellion ? 14. What changes were made in the govern- 
ment of Virginia ? 

1. What discovery did Hudson make ? Who claimed the country, 
and why? 2. What is said of the settlement at New Amsterdam? 
3. When was Albany settled? What is said of the capture of New 
Netherlands by the English ? 



16 HISTORY OP THE UNITED STATES. 

4. In 1645, the Dutch commenced a war with the 
Algonquin Indians, which lasted two years and ended 
in the defeat of the savages at Strickland Plains. 

5. In 1664, the King of England granted the Terri- 
tory of New Netherlands to the Duke of York. The 
latter sent out a squadron under Colonel Nichols, which 
captured the settlement at New Amsterdam and changed 
its name to New York. 

6. In 1673, New York was recaptured by the Dutch, 
through the treachery of Sir John Manning, but it was 
restored to the English the next year. 

7. In 1674, Sir Edmund Andross commenced his 
tyrannical administration as governor of New York. 
He continued in office until 1682. 

8. In 1683, a legislative assembly met at New York 
and established a " Charter of Liberties.'^ 

9. In 1688, Andross again became governor and 
continued his administration until 1689, when William, 
Prince of Orange, ascended the throne of England, 
and the colonists were rid of their oppressors. 

10. In 1691, King William appointed Colonel 
Sloughter governor of New York. He was succeeded 
by Fletcher, in 1692, whose acts caused him to be 
despised by the people. 

11. In 1698, the Earl of Bellamont became governor. 
He was succeeded by Lord Cornbury, in 1702, whose 

4. What is said of the war with the Indians? 5. What was done 
in 1664? 6. What in 1673? 7. What is said of the administration 
of Antiross? 8. What was done in 1683? 9. What is said of the 
second administration of Andross? 10. What changes were made 
in the governors in 1691 and 1692 ? 11. What in 1698 and 1702 ? 



SETTLEMENTS OF THE STATES. It 

oppressive measures caused great dissatisfaction among 
the inhabitants. 



MASSACHUSETTS. 

1. In 1607, the Plymouth Company sent a hundred 
emigrants under George Popham to New England. 
They commenced a settlement near the Kennebec 
River, but it was abandoned the following spring. 

2. In 1614, Captain John Smith explored the coast 
of New England. In 1615, he attempted to plant a 
colony there, but was unsuccessful. 

3. The first permanent settlement in Massachusetts 
was made at Plymouth, by the Puritans, on the 20th 
of December, 1620. They had been driven from Eng- 
land by religious persecution, and they sought an asy- 
lum in the wilds of America. 

4. On their arrival they elected John Carver governor. 
He made a treaty with Massasoit, the great Indian 
chief of the country, which was kept unbroken for 
fifty years. They sufi'ered greatly from disease, hunger, 
and cold, and many of their number perished, 

5. In 1628, John Endicott and three hundred emi- 
grants made a settlement at Salem. In 1630, Governor 
Winthrop settled Boston. Charlestown,^ Dorchester, 
and Cambridge were settled about the same time. 

1. What settlement was attempted by the Plymouth Company in 
1607? 2. What was done by Captain John Smith? 3. What is 
said of the settlement at Plymouth ? 4. Who was elected governor, 
and what did he do? From what did they suffer? 5. What place 
was settled in 1628 ? What in 1630 ? 
2* 



18 HISTORY OP THE UNITED STATES. 

6. In 1635, Roger Williams, minister of Salem, was 
banished from tlie xjolony for advancing doctrines in 
opposition to those held by his brethren. During this 
year a large number of emigrants arrived, among whom 
was Grovernor Vane. 

7. In 1636, Ann Hutchinson and Rev. John Wheel- 
wright caused much trouble by their opposition to the 
clergy, and were finally compelled to leave the colony. 

8. In 1643, Plymouth, Massachusetts, Connecticut, 
and New Haven were united for mutual protection 
under the title of the " United Colonies of New Eng- 
land." This union lasted for more than forty years. 

9. In 1656, a law was passed banishing all Quakers 
from the colony, and imposing the penalty of death on 
those who remained. Four persons were executed 
under this law. 

10. In 1675, a war broke out between the whites 
and the Narrag'ansett and Wampanoag Indians under 
King Philip. Troops from Plymouth and Massachu- 
setts went against them and destroyed both the tribes. 
Philip was shot by a faithless Indian, in 1676, and his 
wife and children were captured and enslaved by the 
English. 

11. In 1684, the charter of Massachusetts was de- 
clared invalid, and, in 1686, the King appointed Sir 
Edmund Andross governor of all New England. 

6. When and why was Roger Williams banished ? Who arrived in 
1635 ? 7. Who were banished in 1636 ? 8. What union was formed in 
1643»? 9. What is said of the law against the Quakers ? 10. What 
is said of King Philip's War? 11. What was done in 1684 and 
1686? 



SETTLEMENTS OF THE STATES. 19 

12. THe people were mucli opposed to Andross, and, 
in 1689, during the revolution in England, they seized 
and imprisoned him, and restored the old form of 
government. 

13. During King William's War the colonists suffered 
much from the hostility of the Indians and Canadians. 
Expeditions were sent against them, but they were 
generally unsuccessful. 

14. At the close of the War, King William granted 
a new Charter to Massachusetts, which enlarged her 
territories and gave her many privileges ; but in it he 
reserved the right of appointing the governors. 

15. In 1704, the French and Indians attacked and 
burned Deerfield, in Massachusetts, killed many of the 
inhabitants, and carried the remainder to Canada. 

NEW HAMPSHIRE. 

1. In 1622, the Plymouth Company granted the 
territory of New Hampshire to Ferdinand Gorges and 
John Mason. 

2. In 1623, they sent over two companies of emi- 
grants to make settlements on the Piscataqua River. 
One of the places settled was called Dover. In 1638, 
Exeter was settled by the Rev. John Wheelwright. 

12. What was done with Andross in 1689 ? 13. What effect had 
King William's War on the colonists? 14. What is said of the 
new Charter granted by King William ? 15. What is said of the 
attack on Deertield ? 

1. When and to whom was New Hampshire granted?, 2. What 
settlements were made in 1623? When and by whom was Exeter 
settled ? 



20 HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 

3. The settlers suffered so much from the hostility 
of the Indians that they placed themselves under the 
protection of Massachusetts, in 1641. In 1679, they 
were again separated, and New Hampshire became a 
royal province. 

4. A legislative assembly met at Portsmouth, in 1680, 
but the king disregarded its acts and appointed 
Edward Cranfield governor. By a course of injustice 
and oppression he became odious to the people, and 
was forced to leave the country. 

5. In 1690, Samuel Allen, who had purchased 
Mason's claim to New Hampshire, was appointed 
governor. Between him and the people lawsuits about 
the land continued for many years. They were finally 
settled in favor of the colonists. 

6. Previous to 1746, New Hampshire suffered greatly 
from the Indian wars. Dover and other towns were 
plundered and burned, and many of the inhabitants 
killed or carried prisoners to Canada. 

NEW JERSEY. 

1. The first settlement in New Jersey was made at 
Bergen, by the Dutch, in 1624. 

2. In 1664, Elizabethtown was settled by a company 

3. When was New Hampshire placed under the protection of 
Massachusetts ? When separated from it again ? 4. What was done 
in 1680 ? What is said of Cranfield's administration? 6. What of 
Allen's administration ? 6. What is said of the Indian wars pre- 
vious to 1746? 

1. When and where was New Jersey first settled? 2. What was 
done in 1664? 



SETTLEMENTS OF THE STATES. 21 

of English under Berkeley and Sir George Carteret. 
Philip Carteret was appointed the first governor. 

3. The colony was flourishing until 1670, when the pay- 
ment of quit-rents was demanded by the proprietors. So 
great was the opposition to this measure that the settlers 
rose in rebellion in 1672, and appointed another governor. 

4. In 1674, Lord Berkeley sold his share of New 
Jersey to Edward Byllinge. The latter sold out to the 
Friends, or Quakers, in 1676. In 1677, the province 
was divided, Carteret taking East Jersey, and the Friends 
West Jersey. 

5. In 1682, William Penn, with eleven other Friends, 
purchased JEast Jersey of the heirs of Carteret and 
appointed Robert Barclay governor. 

6. In 1688, the Duke of York made Andross gov- 
ernor of Jersey. Great confusion prevailed from this 
time until 1702, when East and West Jersey were 
united under the name of New Jersey, and placed under 
the government of Lord Cornbury of New York. 

7. In 1738, the government of New Jersey was separ 
rated from that of New York, and Lewis Morris was 
appointed the first governor. 

DELAWARE. 

1. In 1629, the Swedes and Finns purchased the 
territory extending from Cape Henlopen northward for 

3. What troubles arose in 1670? 4. What changes were made in 
the ownership of New Jersey? When and how was New Jersey 
divided? 6. When and by whom was East Jersey purjhased ? 

6. When did Andross become governor? What was done in 1702? 

7. What in 1738? 

1. What was done by the Swedes and Finns in 1629? 



22 HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 

over thirty miks. They made a settlement near Cape 
Henlopen, which was, however, afterwards broken up. 

2. In 1638, a body of Swedes under Peter Minuets 
settled near the mouth of Christiana Creek, and called 
the place New Sweden. 

3. In 1651, the Dutch built a fort at New Castle. 
The Swedes under Rising visited them under pretence 
of friendship, and succeeded in obtaining possession of 
the fort. 

4. In 1655, the Dutch governor of New York, with 
a fleet of seven ships, entered the Delaware and took 
possession of all the Swedish settlements. 

5. In 1664, the English subdued the Dutch, and 
Delaware became a dependency of New York. 

6. In 1682, the territory of Delaware, called the 
'' Three Lower Counties,'' was granted to William Penn, 
who landed at New Castle in October of that year. 

7. Delaware increased rapidly in population and pros- 
perity, and remained annexed to Pennsylvania until 
1691, when the two States were separated and Delaware 
was placed under the control of Colonel Markham. 

8. In 1693, the two colonies were again united by 
Colonel Fletcher of New York; but, in 1702, they were 
Anally separated, and Delaware had a distinct legis- 
lature, althouerh both colonies remained under the same 



2. What settlement was made in 1638 ? 3. What is said of the fort 
at New Castle? 4. What was done by the Dutch in 1655? 5. What 
was done in 1664? 6. What in 1682 ? 7. What was done in 1691 ? 
8. What in 1693 and in 1702? 



SETTLEMENTS OF THE STATES. 23 



MARYLAND. 

1. In 1632, William Clayborne, a surveyor employed 
by the London Company, built several trading houses 
on Kent Island. 

2. In 1632, George Calvert, Lord Baltimore, obtained 
a charter for the colony which was called Maryland in 
honor of Queen Maria. Before the charter passed the 
royal seal, George Calvert died, and the territory was 
granted to his son Cecil. 

3. In 1633, Leonard Calvert was appointed governor 
of the colony. In 1634, he, with two hundred emi- 
grants, mostly Catholics, purchased an Indian village on 
the St. Mary's River, where they formed a settlement. 

4. Under the wise government of Lord Baltimore, all 
Christian denominations were welcomed to the colony, 
and all were protected from persecution. The Indians 
were friendly and the soil and climate inviting. These 
things caused the colony to increase rapidly in wealth 
and population. 

5. The peace of the colony was disturbed by Clay- 
borne, who refused to submit to Lord Baltimore. In 
1635, he took up arms against the government, but was 
defeated and forced to leave the colony. 

6. In 1642, a general Indian war broke out, which 

1. What was done by Clayborne in 1632? 2. What is said of the 
charter granted to Lord Baltimore? 3. What was done by Leonard 
Calvert in 1634 ? 4. What is said of the colony under Lord Balti- 
more ? 5. What is said of Clayborne's rebellion ? 6. What occurred 
in 1642? What in 1645? 



24 HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 

lasted two years. In 1645^ Clayborne returned to 
Maryland and excited another rebellion, which lasted 
for more than a year. 

7. In 1652, during Cromwell's reign, Lord Baltimore 
was deprived of the government. A civil war ensued 
in 1655, and it was not until 1660 that Calvert's 
authority was fully recognized and harmony restored in 
the colony. 

8. In 1676, Cecil Calvert died. He was distinguished 
for wisdom, benevolence, and liberality of sentiment, 
xit his death his son Charles succeeded to his title and 
estate, and was governor of the colony during the next 
fourteen years. 

9. In 1691, King William made a royal province of 
Maryland. Religious freedom was abolished, and the 
Church of England was established as the religion of 
the State to be supported by taxation. 

10. In 1715, the government was again restored to 
the heirs of Lord Baltimore, with whom it remained 
until the Ilevolution. 



CONNECTICUT. 

1. In 1630, the soil of Connecticut was granted by 
the Plymouth Company to the Earl of Warwick, and 
in the following year he granted it to Lord Say and 
Seal, Lord Brooke, and others. 

7. What is said of Maryland during Cromwell's reign ? 8, When 
did Calvert die, and for what was he distinguished? Who succeeded 
him ? 9. What was done in 1691 ? 10. AVhat in 1715 ? 

1. To whom was Connecticut granted ? 



SETTLEMENTS OF THE STATES. 25 

2. In 1633, the Dutch built a fort at Hartford. 
During the same year the English erected a trading- 
house at Windsor. 

8. In 1635, emigrants from Massachusetts made set- 
tlements at Windsor and Weathersfield. In 1636, the 
Rev. Thomas Hooker, with one hundred emigrants, left 
Massachusetts and laid the foundation of Hartford. 

4. In 1637, a war was commenced between the Pe- 
quod tribe of Indians, numbering over two thousand 
warriors, and the Connecticut settlers. It was termi- 
nated the same year by the destruction of the tribe. 

5. In 1638, the Kev. John Davenport and Theophi- 
lus Eaton founded New Haven. After a day of fasting 
and prayer they made a covenant " to be governed in 
all things, civil and religious, by the rules and principles 
of the Bible." 

6. In 1639, the people of Hartford, Windsor, and 
Weathersfield met at Hartford and formed a separate 
government for themselves. Their constitution was 
very liberal, and carefully protected the rights of the 
people. 

7. In 1650, Governor Stuyvesant made a treaty with 
the English, by which the Dutch gave up all claim to 
the territory of Connecticut. 

8. In 1662, John Winthrop was sent to England to 
secure a charter for the colony, from Charles II. He 

2. What was done in 1633? 3. What in 1635? What in 1636? 
4. What is said of the Pequod War? 5. What is said of the settle- 
ment of New Haven? 6. AVhat was done in 1639? 7. What is 
said of the treaty in 1650? 8. What is said of the charter obtained 
by Winthrop ? 
3 



26 HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 

obtained one whicli was very liberal in its provisions, 
and embraced the New Haven colony within its limits. 
Tliat colony, however, refused to be united under the 
charter until 1665. 

9. In 1675, Andross proceeded with a naval force to 
the Connecticut River and endeavored to extend his 
authority over the settlements there, but the colonists 
were firm in their opposition to him, and he was com- 
pelled to return to New York without having accom- 
plished his object. 

10. In 1687, King James commissioned Andross as 
governor of all New England. He went to Hartford, 
where the Assembly was in session, and demanded their 
charter. It was placed on the table. The discussion 
was continued until evening, when the lights were sud- 
denly extinguished, and Joseph Wadsworth took the 
charter and secreted it in a hollow tree, which has ever 
since been called the "Charter-Oak." 

11. Although Andross failed to obtain the charter, 
he assumed the control of the government in 1687, and 
continued to rule until 1689, when his patron King 
James was driven from the throne of England. 

12. In 1692, Governor Fletcher of New York was 
appointed commander of the Connecticut militia. In 
1693, he went to Hartford to take the command, but he 
was so resolutely opposed by Wadsworth, their captain, 
that he gave up the attempt and returned to New York. 

9. What was done by Andross in 1675? 10. What is said of An- 
dross's attempt to obtain the charter? 11. What did Andross do 
after failing to obtain the charter? 12. What was done by Governor 
Fletcher ? 



SETTLEMENTS OF THE STATES. 27 



RHODE ISLAND. 

1. In 1636, Rhode Island was settled by Roger Wil- 
liams, who had been banished from Massachusetts the 
previous year. The town was called Providence, to 
express his confidence in the mercies of God. 

2. The colony soon became an asylum for the 
persecuted in other provinces. In 1638, William 
Coddington and several others who had been banished 
from Massachusetts settled at Portsmouth, on the 
island of Rhode Island. In 1639, they commenced 
the settlement of Newport, 

8. In 1614, Roger Williams obtained from the 
Parliament of England a free and absolute charter for 
the government of both the settlements. 

4. In 1647, delegates from the several towns met at 
Portsmouth and adopted a liberal constitution for the 
government of the colony. 

6. In 1663, Charles II. granted a charter to Rhode 
Island, which embraced all the principles of the 
previous charter, and secured to the people the civil 
and religious liberty for which they had contended. 

6. This charter was dissolved by Andross when he 
became governor of the New England colonies, in 1687, 

1. When and by whom was Rhode Island settled? What was 
the town called? 2. For whom did the colony become an asylum ? 
What was done by William Coddington and others? 3. What was 
done in 1644? 4. What was done by the delegates at Portsmouth ? 
5. What is said of the charter granted by Charles II. ? 6. What 
did Andross do with this charter, and how long did it remain in 
force ? 



28 HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 

/ 

but after his imprisomnent it was resumed and con- 
tinued in force until a state constitution was adopted, 
in 1842. 

NORTH CAROLINA. 

1. Between the years 1640 and 1650 a number of 
persons from Virginia began a colony north of Albe- 
marle Sound. In 1661, a number of emigrants from 
Massachusetts settled on Cape Fear River, but the 
settlement was afterwards abandoned. 

2. In 1663, a settlement was made on Albemarle 
Sound, and William Drummond was appointed governor. 
In 1665, emigrants from the island of Barbadoes settled 
on Cape Fear Biver near the former settlement. 

8. In 1663, a large extent of territory was granted 
to Lord Clarendon and seven associates, who gave it the 
general name of Carolina. 

4. In 1665, they employed the celebrated philosopher 
John Locke to prepare a constitution for the govern- 
ment of the colony. Its provisions were at variance 
with the wishes of the people, causing much discord 
among the settlers, and was finally abandoned. 

5. In 1683, Seth Sothel, one of the proprietors, 
arrived as governor of the province. He was avaricious 
and corrupt, and used his office solely for the acquisition 
of wealth. The people, after bearing his cruel oppres- 
sions for nearly six years, banished him from the colony. 

1. What settlement was made between 1640 and 1650? "What 
in 1661? 2. What settlement was made in 1663 ? What in 1665? 
3. What grant was made in 1663 ? 4. What is said of the constitu- 
tion prepared by John Locke? 5. What is said of Seth Sothel? 



SETTLEMENTS OP THE STATES. 29 

6. In 1695, the amiable Quaker, Archdale, became 
governor. Under his administration the people were 
prosperous and happy. 

7. In 1707, a company of French Protestants settled 
on the Trent River, and, in 1710, one hundred German 
families settled near the same place. 

8. In 1711, the Tuscarora and Coree Indians massa- 
cred one hundred and thirty of these settlers. Troops 
from South Carolina were sent to their relief. They 
defeated the Indians, capturing eight hundred of them, 
and driving the remainder to New York, where they 
joined the confederacy of the Five Nations. 

9. North and South Carolina were united under the 
same board of proprietors, until 1729, when a distinct 
government was established over each. From this 
period until the Eevolution the colony was peaceful 
and prosperous. 

SOUTH CAROLINA. 

1. In 1670, a number of English emigrants under 
William Sayle entered the harbor of Port Koyal. 
After a brief sojourn they sailed into Ashley River, on 
the south side of which they commenced the settlement 
of Old Charleston. 

2. This place was not suited for commerce, and, in 

6. What is said of Archdale ? 7. What is said of the settlements 
on Trent River? 8. ^Vhat is said of the war with the Tuscarora 
and Coree Indians ? 9. What is said of the separation of North 
and South Carolina ? 

1. What was done by William Sayle in 1670 ? 2. What was done 
in 1680 ? From what did the early settlers sufifer? 
3* 



30 HISTORY OP THE UNITED STATES. 

1680, it was deserted for the more eligible one known 
as Oyster Point, where the present city of Charleston 
was commenced. The early settlers suffered from the 
hostility of the Indians and the tyranny of their 
rulers. 

3. In 1690, Seth Sothel, who had been banished 
from North Carolina, came into the province and was 
made governor. But peace was not restored, and 
Sothel, after two years of oppressive rule, was banished 
from the colony. 

4. In 1693, the " Fundamental Constitution" was 
abolished. In 1695, John Archdale became governor. 
By a wise and equitable administration he did much 
to restore order in the colony, and establish friendly 
relations with the Indians. 

5. In 1702, during the European wars, James Moore, 
governor of South Carolina, made an unsuccessful 
expedition against the Spanish settlements in Florida. 
Soon after his return he marched against the Apalach- 
ian Indians, who were in alliance with the Spaniards, 
captured eight hundred of their warriors, and took 
possession of all their territory. 

6. In 1706, a fleet of French and Spanish vessels 
from Havana, attempted to capture Charleston, but 
was repulsed by the inhabitants. 

7. In 1715, a general war broke out with the 

3. What was done by Seth Sothel ? 4. When was the Funda- 
mental Constitution abolished? What is said of John Archdale? 

6. What is said of Moore's expedition against the Spanish settle- 
ments in Florida? What of the one against the Apalachinn 
Indians? 6. What was done by the French and Spanish in 1706? 

7. Describe the Yamasee war. 



SETTLEMENTS OP THE STATES. 31 

Yamasee Indians. They destroyed the frontier settle- 
ments, and threatened the whole colony with ruin. 
Governor Craven, with twelve hundred men, defeated 
their main body, on the banks of the Salkehatchie, 
and drove the survivors into Florida. 

8. The oppressions of the proprietors continued until 
1719, when the people rose in rebellion and elected 
James Moore governor of the colony. The difficulties, 
however, were not entirely settled until 1729, when 
North and South Carolina became distinct royal prov- 
inces. 

PENNSYLVANIA. 

1. In 1643, the Swedes erected a fort on Tinicum 
Island, where their governor, John Printz, built a 
handsome residence. Several Swedish settlements were 
on the Schuylkill and the west side of the Delaware, 
as early as 1677. All of these were embraced in 
" Upland County." 

2. In 1681, William Penn, a member of the Society 
of Friends, received a grant of the territory west of 
the Delaware River, on account of his father's claim on 
the British Government for sixteen thousand pounds 
sterling. To this he gave the name of Pennsylvania. 

3. In the autumn of 1681, a large company of 

8. What is said of the rulers of South Carolina? How and when 
were the difficulties settled ? 

1. What settlement was made by the Swedes in 1643? What 
other Swedish settlements were made as early as 1677 ? 2. What 
grant was made to William Penn in 1681 ? 3. When and by whom 
was Chester settled? Who was appointed governor ? 



32 HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 

emigrants, mostly Quakers, left England and settled at 
Chester. They were under the direction of William 
Markham, who was appointed deputy-governor. 

4. In 1682, Penn received from the Duke of York 
the grant of the present State of Delaware, and, in 
October of that year, he, with two thousand colonists, 
landed at New Castle. 

5. On the day after his arrival, he addressed the 
people, explaining the principles of his government, 
and promising to secure them civil and religious liberty. 

6. Penn next proceeded up the Delaware River and 
founded Philadelphia. In order to secure the friend- 
ship of the Indians, he invited them to the city, where 
a treaty of peace and friendship was made which was 
kept unbroken for more than seventy years. 

7. In December, 1682, the first Assembly met at 
Chester. In the following year they assembled at Phi- 
ladelphia and adopted a charter which was of unex- 
ampled liberality. 

8. In 1684, Penn returned to England, leaving the 
government in thejiands of five commissioners. 

9. Little occurred to disturb the peace of Pennsyl- 
vania, until 1692, when King William supposing Penn 
to be friendly to James II., the deposed sovereign, 
deprived him of the government of the province and 
conferred it upon Colonel Fletcher of New York. 

4. What was done in 1682 ? 5. What did Penn do the next day ? 
6. What city did Penn found ? How did he secure the friendship 
of the Indians? 7. What is said of the Assembly? 8. What did 
Penn do in 1684 ? 9. How was the peace of Pennsylvania disturbed ? 



SETTLEMENTS OP THE STATES. 33 

10. The innocence of Penn was soon established, 
and, in 1694, he was restored to his proprietary rights. 
In 1699, Penn visited his colony a second time. 

11. Finding that the inhabitants were dissatisfied 
with the government, Penn granted them a new char- 
ter in 1701. This was more liberal than any previous 
one, and conferred upon the people all the political 
privileges they desired. 

12. Soon after this (1701) Penn returned to England 
and left Andrew Hamilton as deputy-governor. Under 
the government of Penn the colony became an asylum 
for the oppressed of every clime, and increased in 
wealth and population beyond any previous example. 

13. William Penn died in London, in 1718, leaving 
his province to his children. It continued in the Penn 

family until 1776, when their claims were purchased by 
the Commonwealth for 580,000 dollars. 

14. The boundary line separating Pennsylvania from 
Maryland caused much trouble between Penn and Lord 
Baltimore for many years. It was finally settled in 
1761, when two surveyors, Mason and Dixon, fixed the 
present boundary, which has since been known as 
" Mason and Dixon's Line." 



10. What was done in 1694? When did Penn revisit his colony? 
11. What is said of the new charter granted in 1701 ? 12. What is 
said of Penn's return to England? What is said of Pennsylvania 
under Penn's government? 13. When did Penn die? How long 
did the province continue in the Penn family? 14. What is said of 
the boundary line between Pennsylvania and Maryland ? How was 
the difficulty settled? 



34 HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 



GEORGIA. 

1. In 1732, a company of benevolent gentlemen 
obtained from George II. the grant of the territory 
now constituting the State of Georgia. They designed 
it as an asylum for the poor of England and for the 
persecuted Protestants of all nations. 

2. In November, 1732, James Oglethorpe with one 
hundred and twenty emigrants left England for Amer- 
ica. He ascended the Savannah River, and, in Feb- 
ruary, 1733, commenced a settlement which was called 
Savannah. 

3. Oglethorpe made treaties of friendship with the 
neighboring Indian tribes, and by his kindness gained 
their confidence. 

4. The trustees made liberal ofi'ers to all who would 
settle in the colony, and hundreds from Germany, 
Switzerland, and Scotland were induced to emigrate. 

5. In 1736, Oglethorpe, who had been to England, 
arrived in the colony with three hundred emigrants. 
In 1738, George Whitefield, a celebrated preacher, 
visited the province and founded an orphan asylum at 
Savannah. 

6. In 1739, England declared war against Spain, and 
Oglethorpe prepared for an expedition against the set- 
tlements in Florida. In May, 1740, he attacked St. 

1. What is said of the grant of Georgia? 2. "What of the settle- 
ment of Savannah? 3. How did Oglethorpe treat the Indians? 
4. How were persons induced to settle in the colony? 5. What was 
done in 1736 ? In 1738 ? 6. What was done ^ » 1739 ? In 1740 ? 



KING WILLIAM S WAR. 35 

Augustine, but was defeated and obliged to return to 
Georgia. 

7. la 1742, the Spaniards with a fleet of thirty-six 
vessels and three thousand men invaded Georgia, but 
they were defeated by Oglethorpe and compelled to leave 
the coast. 

8. In 1743, Oglethorpe returned to England. The 
trustees then appointed a president and council to 
manage the affairs of the colony. Its prosperity, how- 
ever, was not fully established until 1752, when the 
trustees gave up their charter and Georgia became a 
royal province. 



KING WILLIAM'S WAR (1689-1697). 

1. King William's War commenced between England 
and France, in 1689, and soon extended to their colo- 
nies in America. In July, of that year, the town of 
Dover was destroyed and many of the inhabitants killed 
or carried prisoners to Canada. 

2. In 1690, Schenectady, in New York, was burned 
and sixty of the inhabitants massacred. These barbari- 
ties induced the colonists of New England and New 
York to make preparations for invading Canada. 

7. What is said of the invasion of Georgia by the Spaniards ? 
8. What change in the government was made in 1743 ? How was 
the prosperity of the colony established? 

1. What is* said of King William's War? What of the destruc- 
tion of Dover? 2. What was done at Schenectady ? What did these 
barbarities induce the colonists to do ? 



36 HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 

3. Tn 1690, an expedition under Sir William Phipps 
was sent against Quebec and a force by land against 
Montreal. Both were unsuccessful. • 

4. The colonists continued to suffer severely from 
these attacks by the French and Indians until the war 
was ended by the Treaty of Ryswick, in 1697. 



QUEEN ANNE'S WAR (1702-1713). 

5. In 1702, Queen Anne's War commenced between 
England on the one side and France and Spain on the 
other, and in it the colonists soon became involved. 

6. In 1704, Deerfield in Massachusetts was burned 
and its inhabitants killed or carried prisoners to Canada. 
These attacks became so alarming that many of the set- 
tlements were abandoned and the people collected in 
forts for protection. 

7. In 1710, New England sent out a fleet, aided by 
one from England, which captured Port Royal and 
changed its name to Annapolis. Nova Scotia then 
became a British province. 

8. In July, 1711, a large fleet and army under Ad- 
miral Walker arrived in Boston, where they obtained 
additional forces, and, in August, departed for Canada 
with nearly seven thousand men. Eight of their ships 

3. What expeditions were sent out in 1690? 4. When did the 
sufferings of the colonists end? 5. What is said of Queen Anne'g 
War? 6. When was Deerfield attacked? What effect had the war 
upon the settlements ? 7. What is said of the capture of Port Royal f 
8. Describe the naval expedition against Canada. 



KING George's war. 37 

were wrecked in the St. Lawrence, and nine hundred of 
the men lost. This misfortune caused the expedition 
to be al^ndoned. 

9. The army, which was assembled at Albany to 
cooperate with the fleet, returned upon hearing of this 
disaster. In 1713, the war was ended by the Treaty of 
Utrecht. 



KING GEORaE'S WAR (1744-1748). 

10. In 1744, King George's War commenced between 
France and England and at once involved the colonies. 
The important event of the war in America was the 
capture of Louisburg on Cape Breton Island. 

11. Governor Shirley of Massachusetts proposed a 
plan for capturing the place, and New York, Pennsyl- 
vania, and the New England States joined in the expe- 
dition. Three thousand two hundred troops under 
William Pepperell sailed for Boston, in April, 1745. 
At Canso they were met by Admiral Warren, who with 
a British fleet was ready to assist them. 

12. The combined forces, numbering four thousand 
men, commenced a regular siege of the place, which 
was continued until the 28th of June, 1745, when 
Louisburg and the Island of Cape Breton were surren- 
dered to the English. 

9. What was done by the army at Albany ? When was the war 
ended? 10. When did King George's War commence? AVhat was 
the important event of the war? 11. Describe the preparations for 
an expedition against Louisburg. 12. What is said of the siege of 
Louisburg ? 
4 



38 HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 

13. In 1746, a large fleet was sent by the French to 
desolate the English colonies, but storms, shipwrecks, 
and disease caused the enterprise to be abandoned. 
In 1748, the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle terminated the 
war, and Louisburg was restored to the French. 



THE FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR (1754-1763). 

1. The territory along the great lakes and the Mis- 
sissippi River was claimed by the French, who, about 
the year 1750, commenced erecting a chain of forts 
from Lake Erie to the Gulf of Mexico. 

2. This territory was also claimed by the English 
who opened a trade with the Indians, but the traders 
were seized -by the French, in 1753, and imprisoned in 
their fort on Presque Isle. 

3. Governor Dinwiddle sent George Washin^on, a 
young Virginian in his twenty-second year, with a 
remonstrance to the French governor. After a journey 
of four hundred miles, one half of which was through 
a dreary wilderness, Washington delivered the message 
and brought back a reply to the remonstrance. 

4. The reply was not satisfactory, and, in April, 1754, 
Washington with four hundred men marched against 
the French at Fort Duquesne. On his arrival at the 

13. What was done by the French in 1746 ? When and how was 
the war terminated ? 

1. What was done by the French about 1750 ? 2. AVhat by the 
English? 3. What was done by Dinwiddie ? What is said of Wash- 
ington's journey ? 4. What did Washington do in 1754? 



EVENTS OF 1755. 39 

Great Meadows lie surprised and captured a body of the 
enemy, only one of their number escaping. 

5. Learning that a strong force was coming to meet 
him, Washington built Fort Necessity. Here he was 
attacked by the enemy, and, on the Fourth of July, 
1754, was compelled to surrender, but he and his 
troops were permitted to return unmolested to Virginia. 

6. In June, 1754, delegates from seven colonies met 
at Albany and agreed upon a plan for the union of all 
the provinces. This plan was rejected by the British 
government and also by the colonies as unsatisfactory. 



EVENTS OF 1755. 

1. General Braddock, who was appointed commander- 
in-chief of the English forces in America, arrived in 
Februkry, 1755. Expeditions were planned against 
Nova Scotia, Fort Duquesne, Niagara, and Crown Point. 

2. Generals Winslow and Monckton with three thou- 
sand men were sent against Nova Scotia. They took 
possession of the whole country and carried away seven 
thousand inhabitants, who were afterwards scattered 
among the English colonies. 

3. Braddock with two thousand men marched against 
Fort Duquesne. He reached the vicinity of the fort 

5. What was done at Fort Necessity ? 6. What was done at 
Albany in 1754? 

1. What General arrived in 1755, and what expeditions were 
planned? 2. What is said of the expedition against Nova Scotia? 
3. What of Braddock's expedition against Fort Duquesne ? 



40 HISTORY OP THE UNITED STATES. 

on the 9th of July, 1755, where he was attacked and 
defeated by the French and Indians. In this battle 
Braddock was mortally wounded and one half of his 
army was destroyed. Washington then took the com- 
mand, and the army retreated to Philadelphia. 

4. Governor Shirley commanded the expedition 
against Niagara. He advanced to Oswego where he 
built a fort, but storms, sickness, and the desertion of 
the Indians caused him to abandon the enterprise. 

5. General Johnson commanded the forces sent 
against Crown Point. He built Fort Edward, where 
he left a part of the troops, and then proceeded to Lake 
George. Colonel Williams was sent out to attack the 
French and Indians under Dieskau, but he was killed 
and his troops defeated. 

6. Dieskau then attacked the fort, but was repulsed. 
Johnson now gave up the enterprise and, having built 
Fort William Henry, returned to Albany where he 
disbanded his army. 



EVENTS FROM 1756 to 1759. 

1. In May, 1756, England formally declared war 
against France. Lord Loudon, who was appointed 
commander-in-chief of the forces in America, arrived 

4. What of Shirley's expedition against Niagara? 5. 6. What was 
done by General Johnson ? 

1. When did England declare war against France? What is 
said of Lord Loudon ? 



EVENTS FROM 1756 TO 1T59. 41 

in July, but nothing was attempted until the next 
spring. 

2. In August, 1756, the French under Montcalm 
captured the forts at Oswego, took sixteen hundred 
prisoners and one hundred and twenty cannon, which 
they carried safely to Canada. 

3. In July, 1757, Montcalm besieged Fort William 
Henry then commanded by Colonel Monro. General 
Webb was stationed at Fort Edward, only fifteen miles 
distant, but he refused to send any assistance to Monro, 
and the fort was surrendered. The garrison were 
promised protection, but as soon as they left the fort 
the Indians plundered and butchered them without 
restraint. 

4. In the summer of 1757, William Pitt was placed 
at the head of affairs in England. He recalled the 
inefficient Lord Loudon, appointed General Abercrombie 
in his place, and prepared to prosecute the war with 
vigor. 

5. In June, 1758, General Amherst with twelve 
thousand men commenced the siege of Louisburg. 
The garrison, after a brave resistance, surrendered, and 
the whole island of Cape Breton fell mto the hands of 
the English. Fifteen hundred of the French were 
killed and five thousand taken prisoners. 

6. In July, 1758, General Abercrombie with fifteen 

2. What was done by the French in 1756? 3. What is said of 
the capture of Fort William Henry ? 4. What changes were made 
in 3757 ? 5. What is said of the capture of Louisburg? 6. What 
is said of the attack on Montcalm? What was done at Fort 
Frontenac? What change was made in the commanders? 



42 HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 

thousand men attacked Montcalm at Ticonderoga, but 
after losing nearly two thousand men he retreated to 
the head of Lake George. Colonel Bradstreet was 
then sent against Fort Frontenac, which was captured 
and destroyed. General Abercrombie was now recalled, 
and General Amherst appointed to succeed him. 

7. In July, 1758, General Forbes with eight thou- 
sand men was sent against Fort Duquesne, which he 
found deserted. The name of the place was then 
changed to Fort Pitt, in honor of the Prime Minister 
in England. 



EVENTS OF 1759 AND 1760. 

1. In 1759, expeditions were planned by the English 
against Niagara, Ticonderoga, and Quebec. In July. 
General Prideaux commenced the siege of Fort Niagara. 
He was killed by the bursting of a cannon, and the 
command devolved upon Sir William Johnson, to whom 
the place was surrendered. 

2. In July, 1759, General Amherst with eleven 
thousand men advanced against Ticonderoga. On his 
approach the garrison retreated to Crown Point and 
afterwards to Isle aux Noix. Amherst prepared to 
follow them, but storms compelled him to return to 
Crown Point where he passed the winter. 

7. What was done by General Forbes, in 1758 ? What name 
was given to Fort Duquesne? 

1. What expeditions were planned in 1759 ? What is said of the 
siege of Niagara? 2. What is said of the expedition against 
Ticonderoga? 



FRENCH WAR TO THE REVOLUTION. 43 

3. In June, 1759, General Wolfe with eight thou- 
sand men commenced the siege of Quebec. On the 
13th of September, they were attacked by the French 
under Montcalm, but the assailants were defeated and 
the generals of both armies killed. On the 18th of 
September, 1759, Quebec was surrendered to the 
English. 

4. In April, 1760, the French attempted to recapture 
Quebec, but were unsuccessful. In September, Montreal, 
the last stronghold of the French in America, was sur- 
rendered to General Amherst, 

5. A treaty of peace was signed at Paris, in February, 
1763, by which France ceded to Great Britain all her 
territory in the northern parts of America east of the 
Mississippi. 



EVENTS FROM THE FRENCH WAR TO THE 
REVOLUTION (1763-1775). 

1. Soon after the close of the French and Indian 
War England asserted the right to tax the American 
colonies in order to fill her exhausted treasury. In 
1764, a bill imposing duties on sugar and other prod- 
ucts was passed by Parliament. 

2. In 1765, the Stamp-Act was passed. It required 

3. What of the siege of Quebec ? 4. What was done in 1760 ? 
j. What is said of the treaty of peace in 1763 ? 

1. What right did England assert after the French and Indian 
War? What bill was passed by Parliament? 2. When was the 
Stamp- Act passed, and what did it require ? 



44 HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 

that all deeds, bonds, notes, newspapers, etc. should be 
executed upon stamped paper, for which a duty should 
be paid to the British government. 

3. The news of the passage of the Stamp-Act was 
received in America with general indignation. In 
some places riots broke out, in others the bells were 
muffled and rung, the stamps seized and destroyed, the 
stamp officers compelled to resign, and appeals made to 
England that the Act might be repealed. The mer- 
chants of New York, Boston, and Philadelphia resolved 
to import no more British goods while the Stamp-Act 
was in force. 

4. In October, 1765, the first Colonial Congress met 
at New York. It was composed of delegates from nine 
colonies. Timothy Buggies was chosen President. 
TTiey agreed upon a " Declaration of Bights " and a 
statement of grievances, in which was asserted the 
doctrine that England had no right to tax America. 

5. So great was the opposition to the Stamp-Act, 
that it was repealed by the Parliament, in 1766. This 
caused great joy throughout America. But the British 
ministry did not give up the right of taxation, and, in 
1767, a duty was imposed on tea, glass, and other 
articles. 

6. This last act again aroused the people, and they 
adopted measures for resisting the King and Parlia- 

3. How was the Stamp-Act received in America? 4. What is said 
of the first Colonial Congress ? 5. What is said of the repeal of the 
Stamp-Act? Did the British ministry give up the right of 
taxation ? 6. How was this act received ? What is said of the 
circular sent by Massachusetts ? 



FRENCH WAR TO THE REVOLUTION. 45 

ment. In February, 1768, Massachusetts sent a 
circular to the colonies, asking their cooperation in 
obtaining a redress of grievances. There was a cordial 
response favorable to the circular from nearly every 
colony. 

7. This act of Massachusetts displeased the British 
ministry, and in the name of the king the assembly 
was ordered to rescind the resolution adopting the 
circular. They refused to do so by an almost unani- 
mous vote, and reaffirmed that England had no right to 
tax America. 

8. General Grage was now ordered to Boston, with a 
regiment of troops, to crush all opposition. In October, 
1768, they arrived and were stationed in different parts 
of the city. 

9. The insolence of the soldiers served to increase 
the opposition of the people, so that disturbances 
between them were of frequent occurrence. On the 
5th of March, 1770, a conflict ensued, when the soldiers 
fired upon the citizens, killing three, and wounding eight. 
This was called the " Boston Massacre,'^ 

10. The British Parliament, in March, 1770, re- 
pealed all the duties except that on tea. This did not 
satisfy the Americans, because they denied the right 
of England to tax them for any purpose whatever; 
they therefore agreed to use no more tea. 

7. How was this act of Massachusetts received by the ministry? 
Did Massachusetts obey the order? 8. What is said of General 
Gage? 9. What resulted from having the soldiers stationed in 
Boston ? 10, What did the Parliament now do ? How was this 
received by the Americans ? 



40 HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 

11. In 1773, the East India Company was directed 
to send several cargoes of tea to America. The in- 
habitants of Philadelphia and New York refused to 
>ave the tea unloaded, and the vessels returned to 
England. 

12. At Boston, the people refused to let the tea be 
landed, and the governor would not permit it to he 
sent back to England. Finding the authorities were 
determined to unload the tea, a party of men, on the 
6th of December, 1773, disguised as Indians, went on 
board the ships, broke open the tea-chests, and emptied 
their contents into the harbor. 

13. In order to punish the Bostonians, the Parlia- 
ment, in 1774, passed the Boston Port Bill, which 
forbade the landing or shipping of goods at Boston, 
and removed their custom-house to Salem. An Act 
was also passed authorizing the governor to send per- 
sons, indicted for crime, out of the colony for trial. 

14. The Port Bill caused much suffering in Boston. 
The people of Salem generously refused to take the 
trade of their neighbors, and contributions were sent 
from many of the colonies for the relief of the Boston 
merchants. 

15. In September, 1774, the first Continental Con- 
gress assembled at Philadelphia. It was composed of 
delegates from all the colonies except Georgia. They 

11. What is said of the tea sent to America? 12. What was 
done with the tea at Boston? 13. How were the Bostonians 
punished for this act? 14. What was the effect of the Boston Port 
Bill? How were their suflFerings relieved? lo. What is said of 
the first Continental Congress? 



THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION. 47 

adopted resolutions setting forth the rights of the 
colonists, and suspending all trade with Great Britain 
until those rights were acknowledged. 

16. General Gage, who was appointed military gov- 
ernor of Massachusetts, now occupied Boston with an 
army to compel obedience. An assembly of delegates 
from Massachusetts met in October, 1774, and voted to 
raise and equip an army of twelve thousand men for 
the protection of the colonies. 



THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION (1775-1783). 

1. On the 19th of April, 1775, General Gage 
sent eight hundred troops under Major Pitcairn and 
Lieutenant-Colonel Smith to destroy the military sup- 
plies at Concord. At Lexington they met a small body 
of Americans whom they defeated and dispersed. This 
was the first battle of the American Revolution. They 
then proceeded to Concord and destroyed the stores. 

2. On their return to Boston they were terribly har- 
assed by the Americans, and would have been captured 
had not Lord Percy with nine hundred men been sent 
to their assistance. They finally reached Charlestown, 
having lost two hundred and seventy-three men while 
the Americans lost but eighty-eight. 

16. What was done by General Gage? What was done by the 
delegates from Massachusetts ? 

1. Who were sent out to destroy the military stores at Concord? 
What was done at Lexington ? 2. What is said of their return to 
Boston ? 



48 HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 

8. The news of this battle spread through the land, 
and so many came to assist their countrymen that, by 
tiie 1st of May, the British were closely besieged in 
Boston by twenty thousand Americans. 

4. Colonel 'Ethan Allen and Benedict Arnold, with a 
small body of troops, marched against the forts at Ti- 
conderoga and Crown Point. On the 10th of May, 
1775, the fort at Ticonderoga was captured, and, on the 
next day. Crown Point surrendered. Along with these 
forts the Americans obtained forty-nine prisoners and 
one hundred and forty cannon. 

5. On the 10th of May, 1775, the Continental Con- 
gress again met at Philadelphia. John Hancock was 
chosen president. They formed a union under the title 
of " The United Colonies,'^ voted to raise and equip an 
army of twenty thousand men, and elected George 
Washington commander-in-chief of all the forces. 

6. On the 25th of May, 1775, large reen for cements 
of English troops arrived in Boston under Generals 
Howe, Clinton, and Burgoyne. General Gage now had 
twelve thousand men under his command. 

7. On the evening of the 16th of June the Amer- 
icans sent Colonel Prescott to fortify Bunker's Hill 
which commanded Boston, but, by mistake, he ascended 
and fortified Breed's Hill nearer the city. 

8. On the 17th of June, 1775, three thousand soldiers 

3. What efiFect had the news of this battle upon the people? 
4. Who marched against Ticonderoga and Crown Point? With 
what result? 5. What is said of the second Continental Congress? 
6. By whom were the British reenforced in 1775 ? 7. What was done 
by Prescott ? 8. Describe the attack of the British. 



THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION. 49 

under Generals Howe and Pigot were sent to drive the 
Americans from the hill. They advanced against the 
redoubt but were twice repulsed and retreated in con- 
fusion. 

9. General Clinton having arrived with reenforce- 
ments, the British advanced to a third attack, but the 
ammunition of the Americans was exhausted and they 
retreated from the hill. The British lost one thousand 
and fifty-four, and the Americans four hundred and 
fifty men. 

10. On the 3d of July, 1775, Washington took com- 
mand of the army at Cambridge. It was composed of 
fourteen thousand undisciplined men who were deficient 
in the means necessary to carry on a siege. 

11. The Americans now planned two expeditions for 
the invasion of Canada. One was sent by way of Lake 
Champlain under General Schuyler, but he was suc- 
ceeded by Montgomery, who captured St. John's on 
the 3d, and Montreal on the 12th of November, 1775. 
Montgomery then proceeded to Quebec. 

12. General Arnold with the other expedition marched 
by the way of the Kennebec River to Quebec, where he 
arrived in November, 1775, and was joined by Mont- 
gomery. 

13. The Americans commenced the siege, which was 
continued until December 31st, 1775, when an assault 



9. How did the battle result? 10. What is said of the army at 
Cambridge? 11. What expeditions were planned? Describe the 
one under Schuyler. 12. What is said of Arnold's expedition? 
13. What is said of the siege of Quebec? 
5 



60 HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 

was made upon the place, but they were repulsed with 
the loss of Montgomery and four hundred men. 

14. Arnold with the remainder of the army retired a 
short distance from Quebec where they spent the winter. 
In the spring the Americans were unable to resist the 
attacks of the British, and, on the 18th of June, 1770, 
they evacuated Canada. 

15. Lord Duunjore, governor of Virginia, seized a 
quantity of powder belonging to the colony. Patrick 
Henry headed a band of militia and demanded the 
powder or its value. Payment was immediately made. 
Dunmore was forced to leave the State, and in revenge 
he burned Norfolk, in January, 1776. 



EVENTS OF 1776. 

1. The Americans continued the siege of Boston 
through the winter, and on the 2d of March, 1776, 
they commenced cannonading the city. On the night 
of the 4th, General Thomas was sent to fortify Dor- 
chester Heights which commanded Boston. An attempt 
was made to dislodge the Americans, but it was unsuc- 
cessful, and the British were forced to leave the city. 
On the 17th of March, 1776, they embarked for Hali- 
fax, and Washington with his army triumphantly entered 
Boston. 

14. What was done by the Americans after the repulse at Quebec ? 
15. What was done by Dunmore in Virginia? 

1. What is said of the siege of Boston ? Of the fortifications on 
Dorchester Heights ? What is said of the evacuation ? 



EVENTS OF 1176. 51 

2. Early in the spring of 1776, General Clinton, 
aided by a fleet under Sir Peter Parker, sailed for 
Charleston, South Carolina. On the 28th of June, 
they attacked the fort on Sullivan's Island, but, after 
an action of ten hours, were forced to leave the harbor 
and soon afterwards sailed for New York.- In honor of 
the commander, the fort was afterwards called Fort 
Moultrie. 

3. On the 7th of June, Richard Henry Lee made a 
motion in the Continental Congress, then sittings in 
Philadelphia, to declare the colonies independent. After 
some debate it was postponed and a committee appointed 
to draft a Declaration of Independence. This was writ- 
ten by Thomas Jefferson and reported on the 2d of eluly. 
On the 4th of July, 1776, it was adopted and published 
to the world. The colonies now assumed the name of 
the "United States of America." 

4. After the British had evacuated Boston, Washing- 
ton proceeded to New York which he thought would be 
the next point of attack. General Howe arrived in the 
vicinity in June, and, on the 2d of July, 1776, took 
possession of Staten Island. On the 12th, Admiral 
Lord Howe arrived with a fleet and troops from Eng- 
land. On the 1st of August, he was reenforced by 
Clinton and Cornwallis, from Charleston. The combined 
force of the British was not less than thirty thousand 
men, while the Americans had only seventeen thousand 
fit for duty. 

2. Describe the expedition against Charleston. 3. What is said 
of the Declaration of Independence? What name did the colonies 
assume ? 4. What is said of the preparations for attacking Long 
Island ? 



52 HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. . 

5. On the 22d of August, 1776, the British landed 
on the west end of Long Island. Generals Putnam and 
Sullivan, with about five thousand men, were stationed 
at Brooklyn. On the 27th of August, they were attacked 
by Clinton and driven to their fortifications with the loss 
of sixteen hundred in. killed, wounded, and prisoners, 
while the British lost but three hundred and sixty-seven. 

6. General Howe feared to attack the fortifications at 
Brooklyn without the aid of his fleet. While he was 
waiting for it, Washington procured boats, and, on the 
night of the 29th, silently crossed over to New York 
with all his stores and baggage. 

7. On the 12th of September, 1776, the Americans 
withdrew from New York to Harlem Heights. On the 
15th, the British entered the city, and the next day 
attacked the Americans at Harlem Plains, but were 
defeated. The British army was now reenforced, and 
the Americans evacuated the whole of Manhattan Island, 
except Fort Washington, and proceeded to White Plains. 

8. A battle was fought at this place on the 28th of 
October, 1776, when the Americans were driven to the 
rocky hills of North Castle. The British now returned 
to New York, and, on the 16th of November, captured 
Fort Washington and with it more than two thousand 
eight hundred Americans. 

9. On the 18th of November, 1776, Cornwallis 

5. Describe the attack. 6. Why did Howe not attack the Amer- 
icans? What was done while waiting for the fleet? 7. What is said 
of the evacuation of New York? 8. What is said of the battle of 
White Plains ? Of the capture of Fort Washington ? 9. What was 
done at Fort Lee ? What did Washington now do? . i 



EVENTS OF 1111. 53 

marched against Fort Lee, wliicli was abandoned on liis 
approach. Washington now retreated across New Jer- 
sey, closely pursued by the British, and, on the 8th of 
December, crossed the Delaware with less than three 
thousand men. Cornwallis here gave up the pursuit 
and scattered his troops in several of the towns of New 
Jersey. 

10. General Lee was directed to leave the Hudson 
and join the army under Washington. In his march 
across New Jersey he was captured by the British, and 
the command devolved upon General Sullivan, who 
hastened to the relief of the main army. 

11. Washington now determined to attack the Hes- 
sians at Trenton. For this purpose he crossed the 
Delaware with two thousand four hundred men, and, 
on the 26th of December, 1776j fell upon the enemy, 
killed about twenty, and took one thousand prisoners. 
With his spoils Washington recrossed the Delaware, 
but the close of the year found him with his whole 
army again at Trenton. 



EVENTS OF 1777. 

1. On the 2d of January, 1777, Cornwallis attacked 
the Americans at Trenton. The two armies encamped 

10. What is said of General Lee? 11. Describe the attack on 
Trenton. 

1. Describe the attack by Cornwallis. What was the result of 
the battle of Princeton ? . 



54 HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 

for the night on opposite sides of a small stream. 
Cornwallis felt certain of capturing the Americans in 
the morning, but soon after dark, Washington silently 
moved off his army towards Princeton, where he met 
some British regiments on their way to Trenton. A 
battle ensued, when the enemy was defeated with the 
loss of four hundred men. The Americans lost about 
thirty, among whom was General Mercer. 

2. Cornwallis arrived just as the battle ended; but 
the Americans were exhausted, and Washington ordered 
a retreat to the hills of East Jersey. Soon after this 
the Americans went into winter-quarters at Morristown 
and the British at New Brunswick. 

3. In March, 1777, Congress sent Silas Deane to 
solicit aid of France. Dr. Franklin and Arthur Lee 
afterwards joined him. They secured about twenty 
thousand stand of arms and one thousand barrels of 
powder. Several of the French, among whom was 
Lafayette, came to America to take part in the struggle 
against England. 

4. In April, 1777, Governor Tryon with two thou- 
sand men was sent to destroy the military stores at 
Danbury. He burned the town, but during his retreat 
was attacked by the Americans under Silliman, Wooster, 
and Arnold, and lost three hundred men. 

5. Soon after this. Colonel Meigs attacked the British 

2. What was done on the arrival of Cornwallis ? Where did the 
armies go into winter-quarters ? 3. What was accomplished by the 
commissioners sent to France? Did any of the French come to 
America? 4. Describe the attack on Danbury. 5. Describe the 
attack on Sag Harbor. 



EVENTS OF ItTT. 55 

at Sag Harbor, on Long Island, took ninety prisoners 
and burned several vessels and magazines without 
losing a single man. 

6. Washington's army now numbered about ten 
thousand men. In March, he left Morristown and 
encamped at Middlebrook. While here, the British 
tried to bring on a battle, but failing to do so they 
withdrew to Staten Island. 

7. In June, 1777, Greneral Burgoyne with ten thou- 
sand men left Canada to invade the United States by 
way of Lake Champlain. On the 2d of July he 
drove St. Clair from Ticonderoga, and pursued him 
towards Fort Edward, capturing a large amount of 
artillery and stores. 

8. General Schuyler, the commander of the northern 
army, made every effort to obstruct Burgoyne's march 
towards Fort Edward, and the latter did not reach' that 
place until the oOth of July. On the approach of 
the British, Schuyler retreated to the mouth of the 
Mohawk. 

9. Colonel St. Leger with seven thousand men was 
sent by Burgoyne to besiege Fort Schuyler. General 
Herkimer went to the relief of the garrison, but he 
was attacked and four hundred of his men killed. 
Arnold was then sent to the assistance of the besieged. 
Upon his approach the Indians fled and St. Leger 
retreated to Canada. 

6. What is said of Washington's army ? What did the British 
do? 7. What invasion was made from Canada? What did Bur- 
goyne do in July? 8. What was done by General Schuyler? 
9. Describe the siege of Fort Schuyler. 



56 HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 

10. On the 19th of x\ugust. General Gates, who had 
been appointed to the chief command of the northern 
army, superseded General Schuyler. Burgoyne sent 
Colonel Baum with six hundred men to capture the 
stores at Bennington. He was met by General Stark, 
on the 16th of August, 1777, and totally defeated. A 
reenforcement of five hundred men under Colonel 
Breyman was also defeated by Colonel Warner. In 
both battles the enemy lost over eight hundred men. 

11. Burgoyne now stationed his army at Saratoga, 
while the Americans were encamped at Stillwater. On 
the 19th of September, an indecisive battle was fought 
at Stillwater. On the 7th of October, 1777, a second 
battle was fought at the same place, when the British 
were defeated with the loss of four hundred men. 
General Frazer being among the slain. 

12. Burgoyne now attempted to return t^ Fort 
Edward, but his retreat was cut oiF by the Americans. 
He, therefore, oifered to surrender, and the articles of 
capitulation were signed on the 17th of October, 1777. 
The whole number of troops surrendered was five thou- 
sand seven hundred and ninety-one. 

13. Clinton had sent three thousand men up the 
Hudson to meet Burgoyne, but when they heard of his 
surrender, they returned to New York, plundering and 
burning several villages along the river. 

]0. What change was made in the commanders of the northern 
array ? What is said of the battle of Bennington ? II. Where were 
the two armies stationed? What is said of the first battle of Still- 
water? What of the second battle? 12. What did Burgoyne 
now do? 13. What is said of the expedition sent to meet Bur- 
goyne ? 



EVENTS OF ItTT. 5T 

14. On the 23(i of July, 1777, the British fleet left 
New York for the Chesapeake Bay, with the intention 
of making an attack upon Philadelphia. They sailed 
up the Bay as far as Elkton, where they landed eighteen 
thousand troops and commenced their march towards 
the Delaware. 

15. As soon as the British left New York, Washing- 
ton marched to Philadelphia, where he was joined by 
Lafayette and Count Pulaski. He then advanced to 
Chad's Ford, on Brandywine Creek, where he was 
attacked by the British, on the 11th of September, 1777. 
In this battle the Americans were defeated and forced 
to retreat with the loss of twelve hundred men. 

16. Soon after this the armies again met, but a heavy 
rain prevented a battle, and Washington withdrew to 
Reading. General Wayne was now sent with fifteen 
hundred men to check the advance of the enemy, but 
he was surprised, on the night of the 20th, at Paoli, and 
lost three hundred men, 

17. Congress adjourned from Philadelphia to Lan- 
caster, on the 18th, and soon afterwards to York. On 
the 26th of September, 1777, the British entered Phi- 
ladelphia and prepared to make the city their winter- 
quarters. A portion of the army was quartered at Ger- 
mantown. 

18. On the 4th of October, 1777, Washington 

14. What did the British do in July ? 15. How did Washington try 
to prevent the capture of Philadelphia? 16. What did Washington 
do after retreating to Philadelphia? What happened to General 
Wayne? 17. What did Congress do? What is said of the entry of 
the British into Philadelphia? 18. Describe the battle of German- 
town. 



58 HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 

attacked the enemy at Germantown, The Americang 
were repulsed with the loss of one thousand men and 
returned to their camp at Whitemarsh. The British 
lost about six hundred. 

19. After Howe's army had been landed at Elkton, the 
British fleet sailed round to the Delaware, but was pre- 
vented from reaching Philadelphia by the obstructions 
iii the channel and by the forts below the city. In 
October, 1777, Count Donop with a body of Hessians 
attacked Fort Mercer, but was repulsed. The attack 
on Fort Mifflin, by the British ships, was also unsuc- 
cessful. Howe afterwards sent a large force which cap- 
tured these forts and removed the obstructions, so that 
the fleet sailed up to Philadelphia in November. 

20. On the 4th of December, 1777, Howe attempted 
to surprise the American camp at Whitemarsh, but 
was unsuccessful. On the 11th of December, Wash- 
ington went into winter-quarters at Valley Forge, on the 
Schuylkill. 



EVENTS OF 1778. 

1. The condition of the American army at Valley 
Forge was truly distressing. The soldiers were insuf- 
ficiently clothed and worse fed. Many were without 
shoes, and their bare feet were terribly bruised on the 

19. What was done with the British fleet in the Chesapeake ? 
How were the obstructions in the Delaware removed? 20. What 
attempt was made aj?ainst the camp at Whitemarsh? When and 
where did Washington go into winter-quarters? 

1. Describe the condition of the American army at Valley Forgo. 



EVENTS OF Ills. 69 

frozen ground, in the march from Whitemarsh to their 
winter-quarters. A few of the officers resigned their 
commissions, and some of the soldiers deserted, but the 
most of them bore their sufferings with patience. 

2. During the winter an attempt was made to remove 
Washington from his command and give it to General 
Gates, but, fortunately for America, it did not succeed. 
In the spring of 1778, France openly acknowledged the 
Independence of the United States and sent troops to 
assist the Americans. 

3. On the 11th of May, 1778, 8ir Henry Clinton 
arrived at Philadelphia and succeeded General Howe as 
commander-in-chief of the British forces. News was 
received that a French fleet was expected at the mouth 
of the Delaware. This alarmed the British, and, on 
the 18th of June, 1778, they evacuated Philadelphia 
and proceeded across New Jersey towards New York. 

4. Washington immediately left Valley Forge and 
commenced the pursuit. He crossed the Delaware 
above Trenton, and, on the 28th of June, 1778, attacked 
the enemy at jMonmouth. In this battle the Americans 
were nearly defeated by the retreat of General Lee. 
Washington succeeded in checking the retreat and the 
battle was continued until evening, when Clinton with- 
drew his army to New York. Washington soon after- 

2. What is said of the attempt to remove Washington from his 
command ? What did France now do ? 3. Who now took command 
of the British army ? What is said of the evacuation of Philadel- 
phia? 4. What course did Washington take? Describe the batlle 
of Monmouth. What did Washington do after the battle ? 



60 HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 

wards inarched to White Plains, where he remained 
until he went into winter-quarters at Middlebrook. 

5. On the 8th of July, a French fleet under Count 
D'Estaing arrived at the mouth of the Delaware. An 
arrangement was made between the Americans and 
French to recapture Rhode Island. In August, 1778, 
General Sullivan landed on the island, and during the 
same day D'Estaing attacked the British fleet oif the 
coast. Soon after this the French sailed to Boston for 
repairs, and General Sullivan was compelled, after some 
skirmishing, to leave the island. 

6. In July, 1778, about sixteen hundred Tories and 
Indians, under Colonel Butler, attacked Wyoming, mas- 
sacred the settlers and burned their houses. In No- 
vember, Colonel Brant with a band of Tories attacked 
Cherry Valley and butchered or carried off most of the 
inhabitants. 

7. In December, 1778, two thousand British troops, 
under the command of Colonel Campbell, landed near 
Savannah, in Georgia, and, after defeating a small force 
under General Robert Howe, took possession of the city. 



EVENTS OF 1779. 

1. Early in January, 1779, General Prevost took 
Sunbury and marched to Savannah, where he assumed 

6. What is said of the arrival of the French? Describe the 
attempt to recapture Rhode Island. 6. Describe the attacks on 
Wyoming and Cherry Valley. 7. Describe the attack on Savannah. 

1. What did Prevost do? Who took command of the Americans? 
Describe the battle of JCettle Creek. 



EVENTS OF 17t9. 61 

the command of the British forces. General Lincoln 
also arrived and took command of the American army 
on the Savannah. In February, 1779, Colonel Pickens 
routed a band of Tories in a battle on Kettle Creek, 
killing seventy and taking seventy-five prisoners. 

2. Lincoln sent General Ash with two thousand men 
against the British in Georgia. He encamped at Brier 
Creek, where he was surprised by Prevost, in March, 
1779, and defeated with the loss of nearly five hundred 
men. The British now laid siege to Charleston, and 
Lincoln hastened to the relief of that city. On his 
arrival the enemy withdrew, but left a strong detach- 
ment near Stono Ferry. In June, Lincoln attacked 
this detachment, but was repulsed with the loss of three 
hundred men. 

3. Early in September, 1779, a powerful fleet under 
D'Estaing arrived On the coast of Georgia, ready to 
cooperate with Lincoln in besieging Savannah. In 
October they attempted to carry the works by storm, but 
were repulsed and soon afterwards abandoned the siege. 

4. In May, 1779, the British plundered Norfolk and 
Portsmouth, in Virginia. Soon after this, Clinton cap- 
tured Stony Point and Verplanck's Point on the Hud- 
son. In July, Tryon went to Connecticut, where he 
plundered New Haven and burned Fairfield and Norwalk. 

5. In July, 1779, General Wayne attacked Stony 
Point, which was garrisoned by six hundred British 

2. Describe the battle on Brier Creek. What is said of the siege 
of Charleston ? .3. What of the siege of Savannah ? 4. What was 
done in May ? In July ? 5. Describe the capture of Stony Point by 
the Americans. Of Paulus Hook, 
6 



Id HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 

troops. His men advanced with fixed bayonets and 
captured the place without firing a gun. About the « 
same time Colonel Lee captured the fort at Paulus 
Hook (now Jersey City), killing thirty and taking one 
hundred and sixty of the British garrison prisoners. 

6. In August, 1779, General Sullivan was sent against 
the Indians, on the frontiers of New York and Penn- 
sylvania. The savages were everywhere defeated and 
forty of their villages destroyed. The Americans then 
returned to Easton. 

7. During the summer of 1779, the American com- 
missioners at Paris fitted out a squadron which was 
placed under the command of Paul Jones. In Septem- 
ber, while cruising near the British coast, he captured 
two English ships which he carried as prizes to Holland. 



EVENTS OF 1780. 

1. The Americans, in their winter-quarters at Mor- 
ristown, suffered much from want of food and clothing. 
They were paid in continental money, which had 
decreased so much in value that thirty or forty dollars 
of it were worth only one of silver. They were often 
without food, and it was with the greatest difficulty that 
enough could be obtained to save the army from destruc- 
tion. 



6. Describe Sullivan's expedition against the Indians. 7. What 
prizes were taken by Paul Jor.es ? 

1. What was the condition of the Americans at Morristown ? 



EVENTS OF 1780. 63 

2. Clinton with five thousand troops sailed from New 
York with the intention of invading South Carolina. 
In February, 1780, he landed near Charleston and 
began preparations for besieging that city. In April, 
Colonel Tarleton captured Monk's Corner. This shut 
off the supplies from Charleston. The siege was con- 
tinued with so much vigor that Lincoln, on the 12th of 
May, 1780, surrendered the city. With it the British 
obtained about five thousand prisoners and four hundred 
cannon. 

3. General Clinton supposing the war at the South 
nearly at an end, sailed for New York, in June, 1780, 
leaving Cornwallis with four thousand men to keep 
possession of the subjugated States. The Americans, 
however, were not conquered, and soon collected another 
army with which they harassed the enemy. 

4. In July, General Gates arrived and superseded 
Baron de Kalb in the command of the Southern army. 
He immediately marched to Clermont twelve miles 
from Camden. The British under Lord Rawdon and 
Cornwallis were stationed at the latter place. 

5. A battle was fought at Sander's Creek, in August, 
1780, when the Americans were defeated with the loss 
of one thousand men, among whom was Baron de 
Kalb. Soon after this Sumpter's forces were badly 
defeated by Colonel Tarleton, at Fishing Creek. 

2. What did Clinton now do? Describe the siege of Charleston. 
3. Why did Clinton go to New York? What is said of the Ameri- 
cans? 4. Who took command of the American army? Where did 
he go? Where were the British ? 5. What is said of the battle at 
Sander's Creek ? At Fishing Creek ? 



64 HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES, 

6. Cornwallis now established a military despotism 
at the South, and sent out detachments of his army to 
encourage the Tories in their work of plunder. In 
October, 1780, one of these bands under Colonel 
Ferguson was attacked and defeated at King's Moun- 
tain by a body of militia. More than eleven hundred 
of the British were killed, wounded, or taken prisoners, 
while the Americans lost but two hundred. On the 
2d of December, General Greene superseded Gates, in 
the command of the army, but no engagement occurred 
until January. 

7. In June, 1780, Washington marched to the High- 
lands in order to protect West Point. In July, a 
French fleet with six thousand troops arrived at New- 
port, Rhode Island. Soon afterwards a large fleet 
arrived from England and prevented the French from 
cooperating with the Americans. 

8. About this time Arnold was making preparations 
to betray West Point to the enemy. While he was 
military governor of Philadelphia, after its evacuation 
by the British, his conduct was so imprudent that he 
was sentenced by a court-martial to be reprimanded by 
Washington. His pride was now wounded, and medi- 
tatino; reveno-e he turned traitor. 

~9. Arnold obtained from Washington the command 

6. How did Cornwallis act? What happened to one of these 
bands? What change was made in the command of the Americans? 
7. Where did Washington go in .June ? What fleets arrived ? 8. What 
was Arnold doing at this time ? What is said of him while governor 
of Philadelphia? p. How did he attempt to execute his plans? 
What was necessary to complete the arrangements? What agree- 
ment was made? 



EVENTS OP 1180. 65 

of West Point, and opened a correspondence with 
Major Andre, a British officer, proposing to betray that 
place to Sir Henry Clinton. A personal interview was 
necessary to complete the arrangements, and Major 
Andre went up the Hudson in the sloop-of-war Vulture 
for that purpose. It was there agreed that Arnold 
should receive thirty thousand pounds sterling for his 
treachery, and be made a brigadier-general in the 
British army. 

10. When Andr^ was ready to return he found the 
Vulture had been moved down the river, therefore he 
attempted to reach New York by land. For this pur- 
pose Arnold furnished him with a pass under the name 
of John Anderson, and he set out on his journey dis- 
guised in the dress of a citizen. At Tarrytown he was 
seized by three militiamen to whom he confessed that 
he was a British officer. They sent him to Golonel 
Jameson at the nearest military post. 

11. The capture of Andre was then made known to 
Arnold, who fled immediately to the Vulture and joined 
the British army. Andre was tried by a court-martial, 
and, on the 2d of October, 1780, hanged as a spy. 
His captors were John Paulding, Isaac Van W^ert, and 
David Williams. To each of them Congress voted a 
silver medal and a pension of two hundred dollars a 
year. 

12. In December, 1780, England declared war against 



10. What is said of Andre's return ? 11. What became of Arnold ? 
What was done with Andre ? Who were his captors, and how were 
they rewarded ? 12. Against what nation did England declare war ? 
Against what nations had she previously declared war ? 
6* 



#6 HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 

Holland on account of the protection that nation had 
given to American privateers. She had previously 
declared war against France and Spain. 



EVENTS OF 1781. 

1. On the 1st of January, 1781, thirteen hundred 
of the Pennsylvania line left the camp at Morristown, 
with the intention of marching to Philadelphia to 
obtain a redress of grievances. They were met at 
Princeton by a committee from Congress who satisfied 
their demands and they returned to camp. 

2. On the 18th of January, 1781, a portion of the 
New Jersey line revolted, but they were promptly 
quelled by military force. Robert Morris of Philadel- 
phia was now appointed treasurer by Congress. To 
him the country was indebted for the means of carrying 
on the campaign of 1781. 

3. Arnold, the traitor, had been sent by Clinton 
with sixteen hundred troops to invade Virginia. In 
January, 1781, he marched to Richmond where he 
destroyed much property. In March, he was joined 
by General Phillips with an army of two thousand 
men. With these he went on another plundering 
expedition up the James river. In May, Cornwallis 
took the command and Arnold returned to New York. 

1. Describe the revolt of the Pennsylvania line. 2. Of the New 
Jersey line. What is said of Robert Morris? 3. Describe Arnold's 
invasion of Virginia. 



EVENTS OP ItSl. 6T 

4. Early in January, Greene sent out General Morgan 
with one thousand men to occupy a position on the 
Broad river. Tarleton with eleven hundred men was 
sent against him. The two armies met at the Cowpens, 
where a severe battle was fought, on the 17th of 
January, 1781. The British were defeated with the 
loss of nearly seven hundred men. The Americans 
lost but seventy-two. 

5. Morgan immediately set out with his spoils for 
Virginia. Cornwallis started in pursuit as soon as he 
heard of the defeat of Tarleton, and endeavored to cut 
off the Americans before they reached the Catawba 
river. Two hours after Morgan had crossed the 
stream the British arrived on the opposite bank. 
During the night a heavy rain fell which made the 
river impassable. 

6. Cornwallis crossed as soon as possible and con- 
tinued the pursuit. Greene now took the command 
and hastened to the river Yadkin, where a portion of 
his baggage was cut off by the enemy. Both armies 
then started for the river Dan, but Greene crossed it 
before Cornwallis arrived. 

7. The British now gave up the pursuit and retired 
to Hillsborough. Greene soon returned to North 
Carolina, and, in March, reached Guilford Court-House 
where he was attacked by the enemy. The Americans 
were driven from the field, but the British army was 

4. Describe the battle of Cowpens. 5. 6. Describe the retreat of 
the Americans. 7. Where did the two armies now go ? What is 
said of the battle at Guilford Court-House ? 



68 HISTORY OP THE UNITED STATES. 

SO much shattered that Cornwallis retreated towards 
Wilmington, and, in April, set out for Virginia. 

8. Greene marched to Hobkirk's Hill where he was 
attacked and defeated by Lord Rawdon, in April, 1781. 
About this time, Greneral Marion and Colonel Lee 
captured several British posts, among which were Fort 
Watson, Fort Granby, and Fort Motte. 

9. In May, General Greene commenced the siege of 
Ninety-Six. Learning that Lord Rawdon was advanc- 
ing to the relief of the garrison, the Americans made 
an assault upon the fort, but were repulsed. 

10. In September, 1781, Greene attacked the British 
under Colonel Stewart, at Eutaw Springs. The Amer- 
icans had the advantage in this battle, and the enemy 
soon afterwards retreated to Charleston. 

11. Cornwallis reached Virginia, in May, 1781. His 
first object was to capture Lafayette, who was at Rich- 
mond with three thousand men, but that general 
retreated until he was reenforced by General Wayne 
and nine hundred troops. He then pursued Cornwallis 
who retreated to Yorktown, which was afterwards 
strongly fortified. 

12. At the North, Washington made preparations to 
attack New York. For this purpose he was joined by 
the French army under Count de Rochambeau. Learn- 
ing that a French fleet under Count de Grasse was on 

8. Describe the battle at Hobkirk's Hill. What did Marion and 
Lee capture? 9. Describe the siege of Ninety-Six. 10. Describe 
the battle at Eutaw Springs. 11. What is said of Cornwallis and 
Lafayette ? 12. What preparations did Washington make ? Why 
did he change his plana ? 



EVENTS OF nSl. -69 

its way to the Chesapeake, Washington abandoned the 
attack upon New York and marched against the enemy 
in Virginia, where he arrived on the 25th of Sep- 
tember. 

13. As soon as Clinton was assured of Washington's 
movements, he sent Arnold on an expedition to Con- 
necticut. On the 6th of September, 1781, he burned 
New London and captured Fort Griswold. In the 
latter fort nearly the whole garrison were massacred 
after they had surrendered. 

14. De Grasse arrived in the Chesapeake, on the 5th 
of September, 1781, after he had driven off the British 
fleet under Admiral Graves. On the 28th of Sep- 
tember, the allied armies, numbering twelve thousand 
men, appeared before Yorktown. The siege was soon 
commenced, and, on the 9th of October, the batteries 
opened upon the British fortifications and the town. 
Cornwallis now attempted to escape across the river, 
but was prevented by a violent storm. Retreat was 
entirely cut off, and on the 19th of October, 1781, he 
surrendered his army, amounting to seven thousand 
men, to Washington, and his ships and seamen to Count 
de Grasse. 

15. The news of this event was hailed with joy 
throughout the counting, for it was considered the death- 
blow to the war. The power of the British was now 

13. Describe the expedition to Connecticut. 14. When did De 
Grasse arrive? Describe the siege of Yorktown. 15. How was the 
news of this event received? To what cities was the power of the 
British limited ? Where did the French and American armies spend 
the winter ? 



70 HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 

limited almost entirely to the three cities, Savannah, 
Charleston, and New York. The French army remained 
in Virginia during the winter, while the Americans 
encamped at Newburg on the Hudson. 



EVENTS FROM 1781 TO THE ADOPTION OF 
THE FEDERAL CONSTITUTION IN 1789. 

1. In the spring of 1782, the British ministry offered 
to treat with the Americans. John Adams, Benjamin 
Franklin, Henry Laurens, and John Jay, were ap- 
pointed commissioners for the United States, to con- 
clude a peace with Great Britain, and, on the 20th of 
January, 1783, a treaty was signed at Paris. This 
joyful news was proclaimed in the American army, on 
the 19th of April, 1783, just eight years after the battle 
of Lexington. 

2. On the 25th of November, 1783, the British 
evacuated New York, and General Washington, accom- 
panied by Governor Clinton and others, entered the 
city. On the 4th of December, Washington took a 
final leave of his officers, after which he proceeded to 
Annapolis where Congress was in session, and on the 
23d of the same month resigned his commission as 
commander-in-chief of the American armies. 

1, What was done in 1782? By whom and when was a treaty 
made ? When was the news proclaimed in the American army ? 
2. What is said of the evacuation of New York? What did 
Washington do in December? 



EVENTS FROM HSl TO 1789. 71 

8. At the close of the war there was much murmur- 
ing by the unpaid soldiers. In order to increase the 
discontentment, some persons circulated letters through 
the American camp, at Newburg, advising the soldiers 
to march to Philadelphia and compel Congress to do 
them justice. It required all of Washington's influence 
to satisfy the disaffected and prevent a general mutiny. 

4. The Articles of Confederation gave Congress no 
power to tax the people or provide for the expenses of 
the government. All they could do was to recommend 
certain measures to the States without any means of 
enforcing them. Business was depressed and the 
resources of the country were exhausted. The States 
now laid heavy taxes on their citizens for the support 
of government. 

5. These things caused insurrections among the 
people in 1786. In Massachusetts, Daniel Shay with 
a number of citizens went to Worcester to compel the 
Assembly to repeal the taxes. General Lincoln with a 
body of militia was sent to quell the disturbance. 
Fourteen of the leaders were taken and condemned to 
death, but were afterwards pardoned. 

6. A change in the general government was badly 
needed, and in May, 1787, representatives from all the 
States, except Rhode Island, met at the State House in 
Philadelphia, with Washington as president. 

3. "What occurred in the camp at Newburg? 4. Mention some 
of the defects in the Articles of Confederation. What was the con- 
dition of the country after the close of the Revolution ? 5. What 
is said of Shay's insurrection ? 6. What measures were taken to 
change the goA'ernment? 



Y2 HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 

7. After deliberating for four months, they agreed 
upon a new Constitution which was presented to Con- 
gress, on the 17th of September. It was sent to the 
States, where it met with some opposition, but was 
finally ratified by eleven of them. The 4th of March, 
1789, was named as the day for the new government to 
go into operation. 

7. What is said of the adoption of the new Constitution? 



/ 



THE FEDERAL CONSTITUTION. 



WASHINGTON'S ADMINISTRxVTION (1789-1797). 

1. Congress assembled in New York, in the spring 
of 1789, when it was found that General Washington 
was unanimonsly chosen President, and John Adams 
Vice-President, of the United States. On the oOth of 
April, 1789, the oath of ofl&ce was administered to 
Washington, at New York, by Chancellor Livingstone. 

2. The first session of Congress was chiefly occupied 
in organizing the new government. Alexander Hamil- 
ton was appointed Secretary of the Treasury, Thomas 
Jefferson Secretary of State, Henry Knox Secretary of 
War, John Jay Chief Justice, and Edmund Randolph 
Attorney-General. 

3. Congress adjourned on the 29th of September, 
and soon afterwards Washington made a tour through 
the New England States, where he was received with 
many marks of affection. 

4. The second session of Congress commenced in 1790, 
when Mr. Hamilton, Secretary of the Treasury, recom- 

1, Who were chosen President and Vice-President in 1789 ? 
When and by whom was the oath of ofBce administered to Washing- 
ton? 2. How was the first session of Congress occupied? What 
officers were appointed? 3. What did Washington do after Con- 
gress adjourned? 4. What did Hamilton recommend to Congress? 
7 (73) 



1% HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 

mended to that body a plan for establishing the public 
credit. He wished the National Government to assume 
the debts both of the United States and of the several 
States, amounting in all to about seventy-four millions 
of dollars. After considerable opposition, the plan was 
adopted, and confidence in the government restored. 

5. In 1790, an Act was passed, in which it was agreed 
that Congress should hold their sessions at Philadelphia 
for ten years, and, at the end of that time, a territory 
ten miles square, on the Potomac River, which was called 
the District of Columbia, should become the seat of the 
National Government. 

6. The Indians north-west of the Ohio became so 
hostile, that, in September, 1790, General Harmer with 
fourteen hundred men was sent against them. After 
destroying some of their villages, he was badly defeated. 
In November, 1791, an expedition of fifteen hundred 
men was sent out under General St. Clair, but he was 
surprised and defeated by the Indians, with a loss of 
nine hundred of his troops. 

7. Congress met, in December, 1790, at Philadelphia. 
In 1791, Vermont was admitted into the Union as a 
State. The first settlement was made at Fort Dummer, 
now Brattleborough, in 1725, by the English. During 
the year 1791, a bill establishing the Bank of the United 
States, with a capital of ten millions of dollars, was 
passed. Congress also passed an Act for taxing distilled 
spirits. 

5. What was done in regard to the seat of government? 6. De- 
scribe Harmer's expedition against the Indians'. St. Clair's expe- 
dition. 7.' Where did Congress meet in 1790? Whiit is said of 
Vermont? What bills were passed by Congress in 1791 ? 



Washington's administration. 75 

8. In 1792, Kentucky was admitted into the Union 
as a State. The first settlement was made at Boones- 
boro', in 1775, by Colonel Daniel Boone. At the presi- 
dential election, in 1792, Washington was reelected 
President, and John Adams Vice-President, of the 
United States. 

9. At the commencement of Washinu;ton's second 
term of office the country was disturbed by the revolu- 
tion in France. Many persons wished to aid the citi- 
zens of that nation in establishing a republic, but Wash- 
ington determined upon a strict neutrality. 

10. The French appointed citizen Genet minister to 
the United States. He landed at Charleston, in May, 
1793, and, in opposition to the laws, commenced to fit 
out privateers to cruise against the enemies of France. 
W'ashingtou requested his recall, and he was finally 
superseded by Mr. Fauchet. 

11. In 179-1, the people of Western Pennsylvania re- 
sisted the attempt to collect the tax on distilled spirits. 
The President issued his proclamation warning the 
insurgents to desist, and finally sent General Lee with 
fifteen thousand troops, who at once enforced obedience. 
This is known as the " Whiskey Insurrection." 

12. In 1794, General Wayne with three thousand 
men marched against the Indians west of the Ohio. 
He overtook them on the banks of the Maumee River, 

8. What is said of Kentucky ? What was rhe result of the election 
in 1792? 9. What was the condition of the country at the com- 
mencement of Washington's second term? 10. What is said of 
Minister Genet? 11. Describe the Whiskey Insurrection. 12. De- 
scribe Wayne's expedition against the Indians. 



*IQ HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 

where he gained a complete victory. In 1795, they 
entered into a treaty by which peace was secured. 

13. During the year 1794, the British ministry did 
many acts which excited the hostility of the Americans, 
and it was feared that a war would result. Washington, 
desirous of peace, sent John Jay to Great Britain with 
full powers to settle the disputes. He concluded a treaty 
which provided that the western posts held by the British 
should be given up, and authorized a restricted trade 
between the United States and the British West Indies. 
It met with much opposition, but was finally ratified by 
the Senate, in June, 1795. 

14. During the year 1795, a treaty was made with 
Spain, which secured to the Americans the free naviga- 
tion of the Mississippi River, and one with Algiers, which 
protected the United States commerce in the Mediter- 
ranean. 

15. In 1796, Tennessee was admitted into the Union 
as a State. The first settlement was made at Fort Lou- 
don, in 1757. In the autumn of 1796, Washington 
published his Farewell Address, in which he announced 
his intention to retire from public life. 

16. At the election, in 1796. John Adams was chosen 
President, and Thomas Jefferson Vice-President, of the 
United States. On the 4th of March, 1797, they were 
inaugurated, and Washington returned to Mount Vernon, 
where he hoped to spend the remainder of his days. 

1,3. What is said of the difficulties with Great Britain ? 14. What 
is said of the treaties with Sj^ain and Algiers? 15. What is said 
of Tennessee ? Of Washington's Farewell Address ? 16. What was 
the result of the presidential election in 1796? What took place 
in March, 1797? 



JOHN ADAMS'S ADMINISTRATION (1797-1801). 

1. There were difficulties between the United States 
and France at the commencement of Adams's adminis- 
tration; he, therefore, called an extra session of Congress 
on the 15th of May, 1797. That body authorized the 
President to raise an army, enlarge the navy, and take 
such other measures as would maintain the honor of the 
United States. 

2. In July, 1797, John Marshall, Elbridge Gerry, and 
Charles C. Pinckney were appointed envoys to France 
to secure if possible an honorable adjustment of all the 
difficulties. The French government refused to receive 
them, but intimated that a loan of money might open 
the way to a negotiation. This was indignantly refused. 
Marshall and Pinckney were then ordered to leave the 
country. 

3. In May, 1798, Congress authorized the raising of 
an army of ten thousand men, and Washington was ap- 
pointed commander-in-chief They also ordered United 
States vessels to cruise against the armed vessels of 
France, and several of the latter were captured. Among 
these was the L'Insurgent, of forty guns, captured by 
the Constellation, of thirty-eight guns, under Commo- 
dore Truxton. 

4. The French government now proposed to adjust 
all difficulties, and, in February, 1799, William V. Mur- 

1. What is said of the commencement of Adams's adminis-'ration ? 

What did Congress do? 2. What is said of the envoys sent to 

France in 1797? 3. What did Congress do in 1798? What vessel 

was captured? 4. What is said of the envoys to France in 1799? 

7* . (77) 



78 HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 

ray, W. R. Davie, and Oliver Ellsworth were appointed 
envoys to France for that purpose. They found Napo- 
leon at the head of the French nation and concluded a 
treaty of peace with him, in September, 1800. 

6. In 1798, the Alien and Sedition Laws were passed 
by Congress. By the Alien Law, any person, not a 
citizen, suspected of conspiring against the government, 
might be expelled from the country by the President. 
The Sedition Law was intended to suppress all publica- 
tions which would tend to weaken the government. 

6. On the 14th of December, 1799, Washington died. 
The whole nation mourned his loss, and impressive 
funeral ceremonies were everywhere observed. In 1800, 
the seat of government was removed from Philadelphia 
to Washington, in the District of Columbia, and Con- 
gress assembled there in December. 

7. At the next presidential election, no candidate 
had a majority of all the votes, and it became the duty 
of the House of Representatives to choose a President. 
The contest was between Thomas Jefferson and Aaron 
Burr. At the thirty-sixth ballot, Jefferson was chosen 
President and Burr Vice-President. 

JEFFERSON'S ADMINISTRATION (1801-1809). 

1. In 1802, Ohio was admitted into the Union as a 
State. It was settled at Marietta, in 1788, and formed 

5. What were the Alien and Sedition Laws? 6. What is said of 
Washington's death? What is said of the seat of government? 
7. What was the result of the next election ? 

1. What is said of Ohio? Of Louisiana? 



Jefferson's administration. 19 

a part of the Northwestern Territory. In 1803, Louis- 
iana was purchased from France, by the United States, 
for the sum of fifteen millions of dollars. By this pur- 
chase the Americans secured the free navigation of the 
Mississippi River. 

2. The United States had long been a sniferer from 
the depredations made upon her commerce by the Bar- 
bary States. This was on the increase, and, in 1801, 
the American government remonstrated in such terms 
as to cause a declaration of war on the part of Tripoli. 

3. In 1803, a fleet under Commodore Preble was 
sent against the Tripolitans. While cruising before 
Tripoli the frigate Philadelphia, commanded by Captain 
Bainbridge, ran upon a rock and was captured by the 
enemy. In February, 1804, Lieutenant Decatur, with 
sixty men, entered the harbor of Tripoli, set fire to the 
captured frigate and returned without losing a man. 

4. In August, 1804, the Americans bombarded that 
city, seriously injuring the fort and destroying some of 
the Tripolitan vessels in the harbor. In 1805, William 
Eaton, the American consul, captured Derne a Tripoli- 
tan city on the Mediterranean. He then marched 
towards Tripoli, but the reigning bashaw was so terrified 
at his approach that a treaty was made with Mr. Lear, 
American consul at Algiers. 

5. In July, 1804, Alexander Hamilton was killed in 

2. WhatissaiJofthedepredationsof the Barbary States? 3. What 
was done in 1S03 ? How was the frigate Philadelphia destroyed? 

4. What did the Americans do in 1804? How was the war ended? 

5. What is said of the duel in 1804? Of the election in 1805? 
What is said of Burr's conduct? 



80 HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 

a duel by Aaron Burr. At the election, in 1805, Jef- 
ferson was reelected President of the United States, and 
George Clinton became Vice-President in place of Burr. 
In 1806, Burr secretly made preparations for an expe- 
dition down the Ohio. This caused him to be arrested, 
in 1807, on a charge of«attempting to separate the West- 
ern States from the Union, or of preparing to attack 
Mexico, but at the trial he was acquitted. 

6. At this time England and France were at war, and 
the United States, as a neutral nation, was carrying on a 
trade with all the ports of Europe. In order to check 
this, the British government, in May, 1806, declared a 
large part of the coast of Europe in a state of blockade. 
In November, 1806, Napoleon retaliated by declaring 
the blockade of the British Islands. In consequence of 
these acts Amerigan vessels were captured and American 
commerce nearly destroyed. 

7. Great Britain claimed the right of searching 
United States vessels and carrying away such of the 
crew as she suspected to be British deserters. The 
American government indignantly denied this right. 

8. In June, 1807, while the frigate Chesapeake was 
going out to sea, she was attacked by the British ship 
Leopard, and three of her men were killed and eighteen 
wounded. Four men were then taken from the Amer- 
ican vessel, three of whom were native Americans. 
This outrage caused the President to order all British 
armed vessels to leave the harbors of the United States. 

6. How did the European wars aflFect the United States ? 7. What 
right did Great Britain claim ? Did the Americans grant it? 8. De- 
scribe the attack on the Chesapeake ? 



- MADISON S ADMINISTRATION. 81 

9. In November, 1807, the British government issued 
the "Orders in Council" prohibiting all trade with 
France or her allies; and, in December, Napoleon in 
retaliation issued the "Milan Decree" forbidding all 
trade with England or her colonies. 

10. In consequence of these decrees Congress, in De- 
cember, 1807, laid an embargo which prevented Amer- 
ican vessels leaving their ports. This put an end to the 
commerce with foreign nations. As the embargo failed 
to accomplish the desired object, it was repealed by Con- 
gress, in 1809, and an act prohibiting all intercourse 
with France and England substituted for it. Thomas 
Jefferson retired from office on the 4th of March, 1809, 
when James Madison became President and Geor2;e 
Clinton Vice-President of the United States. 



MADISON'S ADMINISTRATION (1809-1817). 

1. When Mr. Madison became President, he found 
the affairs of the nation much disturbed by the hostile 
conduct of England and France. In April, Mr. Ers- 
kine, the British minister, assured the President that 
the offensive orders should be repealed, but Great Bri- 
tain refused to sanction the arrangement. 



9. What decrees were issued by the British and French in 1807 ? 
10. What did Congress do in consequence of the decrees ? What 
was done with the embargo ? Who became President and Vice-Presi- 
dent in 1809? 

1. What is said of the national affairs when Madison became Presi- 
dent ? 



82 HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES.. 

2. In 1811, the English sent armed ships to the 
United States coast to seize American vessels as prizes. 
On the 11th of May, 1811, the British sloop-of-war 
Little Belt was hailed by the frigate President, Captain 
Kogers, when she replied by firing a gun. Rogers 
returned the fire and after killing or wounding thirty- 
two men received a civil reply. 

3. The Indians northwest of the Ohio became so hos- 
tile that General Harrison marched against- them in 

1811. As he approached one of their towns on the 
Tippecanoe, he was met by the chiefs who proposed 
terms of peace and requested him to encamp for the 
night. Before daylight next morning they attacked his 
camp but were finally defeated. 

4. In 1812, Louisiana was admitted into the Union 
as a State. It was settled at Iberville, by the French, 
in 1699. The conduct of the British had become so 
grievous that Congress declared war against that nation, 
on the 18th of June, 1812. 

5. Preparations were now made by Congress for 
raising a large army, and General Dearborne was ap- 
pointed commander-in-chief On the 12th of July, 

1812, General Hull crossed the river Detroit into Canada, 
with two thousand men. On the 17th of July, the British 
surprised and captured the fort at Mackinaw. The loss 
of this post, the defeat of a small force under Major Van 
Home, and the appearance of the British at Maiden, 

2. What did the English do in 1811 ? Describe the affair with the 
Little Belt. 3. Describe Harrison's expedition aga^inst the Indians. 
4. What is said of Louisiana ? Of the conduct of the British ? 5. For 
trhat did Congress prepare ? Describe Hull's expedition to Canada. 



MADISON S ADMINISTRATION. 83 

induced Hull to return to Detroit. General Brock, 
with a force of British and Indians, now marched 
against Detroit which was surrendered along with the 
whole territory of Michigan without any defence. 

6. A second army, under General A^an Rensselaer, 
crossed the Niagara River into Canada, on the 13th of 
October, 1812, and captured the British fort at Queens- 
town. The enemy under General Brock attempted to 
retake the heights but were repulsed and their general 
slain. The British soon afterwards made a second attack 
when the Americans were obliged to surrender. 

7. While failures attended the array of the Amer- 
icans, their navy was very successful. In August, 1812, 
the Essex, Captain Porter, captured the British sloop 
Alert; and the Constitution, Captain Hull, captured the 
British frigate Guerriere. In October, the sloop-of-war 
Wasp, Captain Jones, captured the British brig Frolic. 
Soon after the battle both vessels were taken by the 
British ship Poictiers. On the 25th of October, the 
frigate United States, Captain Decatur, captured the 
British frigate Macedonian, and in December the Con- 
stitution, Commodore Bainbridge, captured the Java. 

8. At the next election, Mr. Madison was reelected 
President of the United States, and Elbridge Gerry was 
chosen Vice-President in the place of George Clinton 
who died, April 20, 1812. 

6. Describe Van Rensselaer's expedition into Canada. 7. What 
naval battles occurred in August? In October and December? 
8. How did the next election result? 



84 HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 



CAMPAIGN OF 1813. 

9. Three armies were raised for the campaign of 
1813; one wo-s under the command of General Harri- 
son, one under General Dearborne, and the other under 
General Hampton. General Harrison's army, amount- 
ing to about eight thousand men, was stationed at Mau- 
mee Eapids. Eight hundred of his troops under General 
Winchester were sent to Frenchtown, where, on the 
22d of January, 1813, they were attacked and defeated 
by a body of British and Indians under Colonel Proctor. 
The next morning the Indians brutally murdered all the 
sick and wounded Americans, 

10. General Harrison now built a fort at Maumee 
Rapids, which he called Fort Meigs. Here he was 
besieged, on the 1st of May, by Colonel Proctor with 
two thousand British troops. General Clay with twelve 
hundred men came to the assistance of the Americans, 
and, on the 9th of May, 1813, the enemy abandoned 
the siege and returned to Maiden. 

11. On the 21st of July, Proctor again attacked Fort 
Meigs, but it was so vigorously defended that he with- 
drew his forces. On the 1st of August, he attacked 
Fort Stephenson, but was repulsed by the garrison under 
JMajor Croghan, and soon afterwards returned to Maiden. 

12. During the summer, a fleet of nine vessels, carry- 

9. What armies were raised for the campaign of 1813 ? What is 
said of the attack on Frenchtown? 10. Describe the siege of Fort 
Meigs. 11. What is said of the second attack on Fort Meigs? Of 
the attack on Fort Stephenson ? 12. Describe the naval battle on 
Lake Erie. 



CAMPAIGN OF 1813. 85 

ing fifty-four guns, was equipped at Erie and placed 
under Commodore Perry. To oppose this, tlie British had 
a fleet of six vessels, carrying sixty-three guns, under 
Commodore Barclay. The two fleets met at the western 
extremity of Lake Erie, on the 10th of September, 1813. 
The battle lasted three hours, when the whole British 
fleet surrendered. 

13. Commodore Perry now conveyed Harrison's troops 
across Lake Erie to Maiden, which they found deserted. 
The Americans pursued the retreating British to the 
Moravian towns, on the river Thames, wiiere a severe 
battle was fought, on the 5th of October, 1813, and 
Proctor's army completely broken up. General Cass 
was now left in command of Detroit, and Harrison went 
to the assistance of General Dearborne. 

14. In April, 1813, General Dearborne was stationed 
at Sackett's Harbor. While here he sent out seventeen 
hundred men under General Pike to attack York (now 
Toronto), in Upper Canada. They crossed Lake Ontario, 
in Commodore Chauncey's fleet, and, on the 27th of 
April, captured the place. As the British retreated 
they blew up their magazine, mortally wounding General 
Pike and killing or wounding two hundred of his men. 

15. General Dearborne, having been reenforced, 
marched against Fort George, at the mouth of the 
Niagara river. This place was abandoned by the 
British, who retreated towards the head of Lake On- 
tario. Generals Chandler and Winder were sent in 

13. What was done by Harrison's troops? l-i. Describe the 
attack on York. 15. What is said of Fort George ? Of the battle 
at Stony Creek ? 
8 



99 HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 

pursuit, but, on the night of the 6th of June, they 
were attacked at Stony Creek and both Generals made 
prisoners. The British, however, were defeated. 

16. On the 29th of May, 1813, the British attacked 
Sackett's Harbor, but were repulsed by General Brown, 
and hastily retreated to their ships. In the following 
November, the enemy attacked Fort George. The 
Americans blew up this fort and fled to Niagara, where 
they were soon afterwards captured by the British, The 
latter now crossed the Niagara river and burned several 
towns on the American side. 

17. General Wilkinson succeeded Dearborne in com- 
mand of the Americans. He went down the St. Law- 
rence to cooperate with General Hampton in an expe- 
dition against Montreal, but the enterprise was afterwards 
abandoned. 

18. During this year (1813). the Creek and Seminole 
Indians commenced a war against the whites in Georgia 
and Alabama. On the 14th of August, 1813, they cap- 
tured Fort Mimms and massacred three hundred of its 
inmates. General Jackson marched against them with 
three thousand five hundred men. The Indians were 
defeated in a number of battles, the last of whicji was 
at Tohopeka, where more than eight hundred of them 
were slain. 

19. Several naval engagements occurred in 1813. On 
the 24th of February, the sloop-of-war Hornet, Captain 



16. What is said of the attack on Sackett's Harbor? What did 
the British do in November? 17. What did Wilkinson now do? 
18. What is said of the Creek and Seminole Indians ? What was 
done by General Jackson ? 19. Describe the capture of the Peacock. 



CAMPAIGNS OF 1814 AND 1815. 87 

Lawrence, captured the British brig Peacock. The 
latter sunk soon after the battle with thirteen of the 
British and four of the American seamen. 

20. Lawrence was now appointed to the command of 
the Chesapeake, and, on the 1st of June, 1813, he was 
attacked and captured by the British frigate Shannon, 
Captain Brock. Lawrence with forty-eight of his crew 
was killed, and ninety-eight of them were wounded. 

21. On the 14th of August, the brig Argus, Captain 
Allen, was captured by the British sloop-of-war Pelican, 
and on the 5th of September, the Enterprise, Captain 
Burrows, captured the British brig Boxer. 

22. In the spring of 1813, a British squadron entered 
Chesapeake Bay and destroyed Frenchtown, George- 
town, Havre-de-G-race, and Frederick. They attempted 
to capture Norfolk, but were repulsed with a loss of two 
hundred men. After committing the most shocking 
brutalities at Hampton, they sailed for the West Indies. 

CAMPAIGNS OF 1814 AND 1815. 

23. On the 3d of July, 1814, General Brown, assisted 
by Generals Scott and Ripley, crossed the Niagara river 
and captured Fort Erie. They then proceeded against 
Chippewa, where they defeated the enemy under General 
Riall on the 5th of July. The British retreated to 
Lake Ontario, where they were reenforced by General 
Drummond, who assumed the chief command. 

20. What became of Lawrence ? 21. What naval battles occurred 
in August and September ? 22. What atrocities were committed in 
Chesapeake bay? 2.3. What is said of the capture of Fort Erie? 
Of Chippewa? Where did the British now go? 



88 HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 

24. Drummond advanced against the Americans and 
was met by G-eneral Brown at Lundy's Lane, on the 25th 
of July, 1814. Both armies chiimed the victory, but 
the Americans retained possession of the field. Each 
army lost over eight hundred men. General Riall was 
wounded and captured, and Generals Brown and Scott 
were wounded. 

25. The Americans withdrew to Fort Erie, where 
they were besieged, on the 4th of August, by Brum- 
mond with five thousand men. On the 15th of August, 
1814, the British assaulted the fort, but were repulsed 
with the loss of one thousand men. The siege was 
continued, and, on the 17th of September, General 
Brown sent out a strong force which drove the enemy 
from their intrenchments and compelled them to give 
up the siege. 

26. General Izard soon after arrived with four thousand 
men from Plattsburg, and took command of the Ameri- 
cans. On the 5th of November, 1814, he destroyed 
Fort Erie and then retired across the ip^iagara River, 
where he went into winter-quarters. 

27. Plattsburg was left with a garrison of fifteen 
hundred men, under General Macomb. In the harbor 
was Commodore McDonough with a fleet carrying 
eighty-six guns. General Prevost determined to attack 
the fleet and army at the same time. He arrived with 
twelve thousand men on the 6th, and his fleet, carrying 
ninety-five guns, under Captain Downie, arrived on the 

24. Describe the battle of Lundy's Lanie. 25. Describe the siege 
of Fort Erie. 26. What did General Izard do? 27. Describe the 
attack on Plattsburg, and the fleet of McDonough. 



CAMPAIGNS OF 1814 AND 1815. 89 

11th of September, 1814. The battle between the fleets 
lasted two hours, when the whole British squadron sur- 
rendered. The attack on land was also unsuccessful, 
and Prevost during the night n*etreated in confusion, 
leaving his wounded and stores in the hands of the 
Americans. 

28. A British fleet under Admiral Cochrane sailed 
up the Chesapeake Bay, and, on the 18th of August, 
1814, five thousand troops under General Ross landed 
at Benedict and commenced their march towards Wash- 
ington. On the 24th of August, they attacked and 
defeated General Winder at Bladensburg, and on the 
same day reached Washington where they burned all 
the public buildings. 

29. The British returned immediately to Benedict 
and proceeded up the Chesapeake to attack Baltimore. 
The troops under Ross landed at North Point, on the 
12th of September, and marched towards the city. The 
Americans, under General Strieker, met the enemy seven 
miles from Baltimore, where a skirmish ensued in which 
Ross was killed and the Americans driven back. In 
the meantime the British fleet made an unsuccessful 
attack on Fort McHenry, which commanded the en- 
trance to the city, after which the army reembarked 
and soon after left the bay. 

80. The " Hartford Convention," composed of twenty- 
six delegates from the New England States, met on the 
15th of December, 1814. They deliberated with closed 

28. Describe Ross's e^Spedition against Washington. 29. Describe 
the expedition against Baltimore. 30. What is said of the Hartford 
Convention? 
8* 



90 HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 

doors for twenty days, proposed some amendments to the 
Constitution, and sent a committee to confer with the 
government at Washington. 

31. In March, ISl'f, the Essex, Commodore Porter, 
was captured by two British vessels, the Phwbe and 
Cherub. In April, the Frolic, Captain Bainbridge, was 
captured by the British frigate Orpheus, and the Peacock, 
Captain Warrington, captured the British brig Epervier. 
The Wasp, Captain Blakely, captured the British brig 
Reindeer in June, and the Avon in September. 

82. On the 16th of January, 1815, the frigate Presi- 
dent, Commodore Decatur, was captured by a British 
squadron. In February, the Constitution, Commodore 
Stewart, captured the British vessels Cyane and Levant, 
and, in March, the Hornet, Captain Biddle, captured the 
British brig Penguin. 

33. The Spanish Governor of Florida permitted the 
British to land troops at Pensacola and arm the Creek 
Indians. General Jackson, therefore, attacked that town, 
on the 7th of November, 1814, and compelled the English 
to leave the harbor. . News was now received that a 
British fleet was about to invade Louisiana, and Jackson 
hastened to New Orleans. 

34. The British fleet entered the Mississippi, in De- 
cember, 1814, and landed twelve thousand troops under 
General Packenham. They were attacked by Jackson, 
on the 23d of December, and four hundred of their 

31. What naval battles occurred in 1814? 32. What naval battles 
occurred in 1815 ? 33. What did Jackson do at Pensacola? What 
news did Jackson receive? 34. Describe the expedition against 
New Orleans. 



CAMPAIGNS OF 1814 AND 1815. 91 

number killed or wounded. Jackson now intrenched 
his army near the city, where he was attacked, on the 
8th of January, 1815, by the British. After a severe 
battle, in which Packenham was killed, the enemy fled 
in confusion, leaving more than two thousand dead or 
wounded on the field. The Americans lost but six 
killed and seven wounded. 

35. A treaty of peace between Great Britain and 
the United States was signed at Ghent, on the 25th of 
December, 1814. It was ratified by the United States, 
on the 17th of February, 1815, and put an end to all 
hostilities. 

36. During the war with Great Britain, the Dey of 
Algiers had committed depredations on the American 
commerce. To check these, Decatur was sent with a 
fleet into the Mediterranean. He captured two of their 
largest vessels, and compelled the Dey to sign a treaty 
by which he released all American prisoners, made in- 
demnity for captures, and relinquished all claim to 
tribute in the future. 

37. In December, 1816, Indiana was admitted into 
the Union as a State. It was settled at Vincennes, by 
the French, about the year 1690. At the next election 
James Monroe was chosen President, and Daniel D. 
Tompkins Vice-President of the United States. 

35. When was tbe treaty of peace signed, and when ratified? 
36. How did the Dey of Algiers act during the war? Where was 
Decatur sent, and what did ho accomplish? 37. What is said 
of the admission and settlement of Indiana ? What was the result 
of the next election ? 



yz HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 

MONROE'S ADMINISTRATION (1817-1825). 

1. James Monroe was inaugurated President of the 
United States, on the 4th of March, 1817. During 
this year Mississippi was admitted into the Union as a 
State. It was first settled, in 1699, at the Bay of 
Biloxi by the French. 

2. Towards the close of 1817, the Seminole and 
Creek Indians commenced hostilities against the in- 
habitants of Georgia. They were encouraged by the 
Spanish authorities of Florida. General Jackson was 
sent against them, and, in 1818, captured the town of 
St. Mark's. Armbrister and Arbuthnot, two British 
subjects found there, were convicted of inciting the 
Indians to war, and were put to death. Jackson then 
captured Pensacola, which ended all hostilities. 

8. In December, 1818, Illinois was admitted into the 
Union as a State. It was first settled by the French, at 
Kaskaskia, about the year 1686. In 1819, Alabama 
was admitted as a State. It was first settled by the 
French at Mobile, in 1702. 

4. In 1819, the American and British commissioners 
agreed on the 49th parallel of north latitude, from the 
Lake of the Woods to the Rocky Mountains, as the 
boundary line between the United States and British 
America. In 1820, Maine was admitted into the Union 

1. When was Monroe inaugurated ? What is said of the admis- 
sion and settlement of Mississippi ? 2. Describe the Seminole War 
in Georgia. 3. What is said of the admission and settlement of 
Illinois? Of Alabama? 4. What boundary line was settled in 
1819 ? What is said of the admission and settlement of Maine? 



MONROE'S ADMINISTRATION. 93 

as a State. It was first settled by the French, on Mount 
Desert Island, in 1613. 

5. In 1821, Missouri was admitted into the Union as 
a State. At the time of its admission a violent debate 
arose as to whether it should be admitted as a free or a 
slave State. This was finally settled by the " Missouri 
Compromise,'^ which admitted it as a slave State, but 
prohibited slavery in all territory west of the Mississippi 
and north of thirty-six degrees thirty minutes north 
latitude. 

6. President Monroe and Vice-President Tompkins 
entered on their second terms of office, in March, 1821. 
During their administration the United States recog- 
nized the independence of the South American republics. 
On that occasion the President proclaimed the " Monroe 
Doctrine," which is, that the American continents " are 
not to be considered as subject for future colonization 
by any European Power." 

7. In 1821, a treaty between Spain and the United 
States was ratified. By it, Florida and the adjacent 
islands were ceded to the United States. In 1824, 
General Lafayette arrived in America, where he re- 
mained for upwards of a year. He visited every state 
in the Union, and was received with marks of affection 
and gratitude. At the next election John Quincy 

5. What is said of the admission of Missouri ? 6. When did 
Monroe's second term of office commence ? What occurred during 
his administration? 7. What is said of the treaty with Spain? 
What is said of Lafayette's visit to the United States? Who 
became the next President and the next Vice-President, and when 
were they inaugurated ? 



94 HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 

Adams was chosen President, and John C. Calhoun 
Vice-President of the United States. They were in- 
augurated on the 4th of March, 1825. 

JOHN QUINCY ADAMS'S ADMINISTRATION 

(1825-1829). 

1. The 4th of July, 1826, was the fiftieth anniversary 
of American independence. On that day Thomas 
Jeiforson died, at Monticello, in Virginia, in his eighty- 
fourth year, and John Adams, at Quincy, Massachusetts, 
in his ninety-first year. 

2. Adams's administration was noted for the peace 
which existed at home and abroad. The whole country 
enjoyed uninterrupted prosperity, and the arts and 
sciences flourished. The Union now consisted of 
twenty-four States, and contained ten millions of people. 
In 1828, Andrew Jackson was elected President and 
John C. Calhoun was reelected Vice-President of the 
United States 

ANDREW JACKSON'S ADMINISTRATION 

(1829-1837). 

1. General Jackson was inaugurated on the 4th of 
March, 1829. On the 4th of July, 1881, James 
Monroe the fifth President of the United States died, 
in his seventy-third year. He had been a soldier in 

1. What happened on the 4th of July, 1826? 2. What was the 
condition of the country during Adams's administration? What 
was the result of the next election? 

1. When was Jackson inaugurated? What is said of James 
Monroe ? 



ANDREW JACKSON'S ADMINISTRATION. 95 

Washington's army, and was wounded at the battle of 
Princeton. 

2. In 1832, the western Indian tribes, led by Black 
Hawk, commenced a war upon the inhabitants of 
Illinois. General Atkinson was sent against them. 
On the banks of the Mississippi the Indians were 
defeated, and Black Hawk taken prisoner. General 
Scott was afterwards sent to supersede Atkinson. He 
arrived after the battle, and remained until treaties 
were made with the Indian tribes, by which nearly the 
whole of Iowa and Wisconsin was ceded to the United 
States. 

3. In 1832, Congress passed a tariff bill imposing 
additional duties upon foreign goods, which met with 
much opposition. A convention in South Carolina 
nullified or forbid the operation of the tariff laws in 
that State. This caused the President to issue a 
proclamation warning the Nullifiers that the laws of 
the United States would be enforced'. The difficulty 
was settled by a compromise, which provided for the 
gradual reduction of the duties. 

4. At the election, in 1832, Jackson was reelected 
President and Martin Van Buren was elected Vice- 
President of the United States. In 1833, intense 
ex;citement was produced by the removal of the govern- 
ment funds from the United States Bank to the state 
banks. 

2. Describe the war with the Indians under Black Hawk ? 
3. What was done by Congress in 1832 ? What diflBculties arose 
in South Carolina, and how were they settled? 4. What was the 
result of the next election ? What was done in 1833 ? 



96 HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 

5. In 1835, the Seminole Indians in Florida, in- 
fluenced by their chief Osceola, commenced a war 
against the United States. They had agreed by treaty 
to remove to the Indian Territory, but, becoming dis- 
satisfied, they refused to go, and began to plunder and 
murder the whites. 

6. Major Dade, with one hundred and seventeen 
men, was sent to reenforce General Clinch at Fort King. 
On the 28th of December, 1835, he was attacked by 
the Indians, and all his men except four were killed. 
On the 31st, the savages were defeated by General 
Clinch on the Withlacoochee river. 

7. On the 29th of February, 1836, General Gaines was 
attacked by the Indians, but the battle was indecisive. 
General Scott was now sent to take the command of the 
troops. By his management many of the Indians were 
sent west of the Mississippi river. 

8. In July, 1836, the Treasury Department issued 
the " Specie Circular " which required the payment of 
gold and silver for the public lands. In 1836, Congress 
passed the " Distribution Act" which provided that all 
money in the United States treasury, on the 1st of Jan- 
uary, 1837, should be distributed among the States in 
proportion to their population. 

9. In 1836, Arkansas was admitted into the Union as 

5. What is said of the Seminole Indians, in 1835? To what had 
they agreed by treaty ? 6. What happened to Major Dade? By 
whom were the Indians defeated ? 7. What is said of the attack on 
General Gaines ? Who was now sent against the Indians, and Avhat 
did he accomplish ? 8. What is said of the Specie Circular ? Of the 
Distribution Act? 9. What is said of the admission and settlement 
of Arkansas ? What was the result of the next election ? 



MARTIN VAN BUREN'S ADMINISTRATION. 97 

a St^e. It was first settled, at Arkansas Post, in 1685. 
In 1837, Michigan was admitted into the Union. It 
was first settled, at Sault St. Marie, in 1668. At the 
next election Martin Van Buren was chosen President 
and Richard M. Johnson Vice-President of the United 
States. 

MARTIN VAN BUREN'S ADMINISTRATION 

(1837-1841). 

1. Martin Van Buren was inaugurated on the 4th of 
March, 1837. In May, the banks suspended specie pay- 
ment. This was followed by mercantile failures all 
over the country, so that business was prostrated and 
confidence destroyed. An extra session of Congress 
met in September and passed several bills, among which 
was one for issuing treasury notes to the amount of ten 
million dollars. 

2. The Seminole War was still going on. In 1837, 
several of the chiefs came to General Jessup's camp and 
signed a treaty agreeing to remove to the Indian Terri- 
tory. This treaty was soon broken by Osceola. In 
October, he, with seventy others, came to the American 
camp under a flag of truce when he was seized and 
imprisoned by General Jessup. 

3. In December, Colonel Zachary Taylor defeated the 
Indians at Lake Okeechobee. After this battle the 
savages retreated to the swamps, where the United 

1. When was Van Buren inaugurated? What was the condition 
of the country? What did Congress do? 2. What did the Seminole 
chiefs do in 1837 ? 3. Where did Taylor defeat the Indians ? How 
long did the war continue? 
9 



98 HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 

States troops could not follow, and continued thfe war 
until 1842, when peace was firmly established. 

4. In 1837, a rebellion broke out in Canada which 
enlisted the sympathies of many of the American people, 
some of which crossed the line to give assistance to the 
" patriots.'' In order to check this the President issued 
a proclamation declaring that those who invaded the 
British possessions would forfeit the protection of their 
government. At the next election General William 
Henry Harrison was chosen President, and John Tyler 
Vice-President of the United States. 

HARRISON'S AND TYLER'S ADMINISTRATIONS 

(1841-1845). 

1. General Harrison was inaugurated on the 4th of 
March, 1841. Desiring a change in the policy of the 
government, he issued a proclamation for an extra ses- 
sion of Congress, to meet on the 31st of May. On the 
4th of April, one month after his inauguration, Harri- 
son died and John Tyler became President of the United 
States. 

2. The extra session of Congress commenced on the 
31st of May. Two separate bills were passed for 
rechartering the United States Bank, but both were 
vetoed by the President. 

8. The boundary line of Maine, which had caused 

4. What is said of the rebellion in Canada ? Give the result of 
the next election. 

1. When was Harrison inaugurated, and what did ho do? What 
occurred on the 4th of April? 2. What was done by Congress? 
3. What is said of the boundary line of Maine ? 



folk's administration. 99 

much controversy between the United States and Great 
Britain, was settled in 1842, by the commissioners 
Daniel Webster and Lord Ashburton. 

4. In 1842, serious difficulties occurred in Rhode 
Island. They grew out of the efforts to exchange the 
old charter granted by Charles II., in 1663, for a State 
constitution. Two parties were formed, and the quarrel 
between them became so bitter that the State was on the 
brink of civil war, and the President thought it neces- 
sary to send troops to keep the peace. Their constitu- 
tion was adopted the same year. 

5. In 1845, Florida was admitted into the Union as a 
State. It was first settled at St. Augustine, by the Span- 
iards, in 1565, At the next election, James K. Polk 
was chosen President, and George M. Dallas Vice-Presi- 
dent of the United States, 



JAMES K. POLK'S ADMINISTRATION (1845-1849). 

1, James K. Polk was inaugurated on the 4th of 
March, 1845, In January, of this year. Congress 
passed a bill for the annexation of Texas. That repub- 
lic approved the bill, on the 4th of July, 1845, and 
thus became a State of the American Union, The 
people of Texas declared their independence in March, 
1836, and, in the same year, totally defeated the Mex- 

4. Describe the difficulties in Rhode Island originating from a 
change in the government. 5, What is said of the admission and 
settlement of Florida? What was the result of the next election? 

1. When was Polk inaugurated? What is said of the annexation 
of Texas? Of the independence of Texas? 



100 HISTORY OP THE UNITED STATES. 

icans at the battle of San Jacinto. Their independence 
was afterwards acknowledged by France, England, and 
the United States. 

2. Mexico, however, claimed Texas as a part of her 
territory and made preparations for defending her pos- 
sessions. The American government sent General Tay- 
lor with fifteen hundred troops to Corpus Christi, and 
Commodore Conner with a fleet to the Gulf of Mexico, 
to oppose the movements of the Mexicans. 

3. In 1846, the boundary line of Oregon was settled 
by the American and British commissioners, James Bu- 
chanan and Richard Packenham. They agreed upon 
the forty-ninth degree of north latitude, and the Strait 
of Juan de Fuca to separate British America from the 
United States. In 1846, Iowa was admitted into the 
Union as a State. It was first settled at Burlington, in 
1833. 

4. In March, 1846, General Taylor moved from Cor- 
pus Christi to Point Isabel, which he fortified. He then 
proceeded to the Bio Grande opposite Matamoras, where 
he erected Fort Brown. The Mexicans commenced 
hostilities in April, by killing Colonel Cross, Lieutenant 
Porter, and three other persons, Taylor now left the 
fort in charge of Major Brown and moved back to Point 
Isabel. 

2. What did Mexico do? What did the American government 
do? 3. When and how was the boundary line of Oregon settled? 
What is said of the admission and settlement of Iowa? 4. What 
was done by General Taylor? How were hostilities commenced? 
Where did Taylor now go ? 



folk's administration. 101 

5. Soon after this the Mexicans attacked Fort Brown, 
and Taylor with two thousand three hundred men 
marched to the assistance of the garrison. On the 8th 
of May, 1846, he met and defeated General Arista with 
six thousand Mexicans, at Palo Alto. 

6. On the following day, May 9th, Taylor attacked 
and defeated the Mexicans at Kesaca de la Palma. In 
this battle they lost one thousand men, while the Amer- 
icans only lost one hundred. On the 11th of May, Con- 
gress formally declared that war existed between the 
United States and Mexico. They authorized the Presi- 
dent to raise fifty thousand volunteers, and made an 
appropriation for carrying on the war. 

7. On the 18th of May, General Taylor crossed the 
Rio Grande and took possession of Matamoras. During 
the summer he was reenforced, and, on the 19th of Sep- 
tember, he arrived at Monterey with six thousand men. 
This place was defended by General Ampudia and nine 
thousand Mexicans. Taylor at once commenced the 
siege which was conducted with so much vigor that 
Ampudia surrendered the town on the 24th of Septem- 
ber, 1846. The loss of the Americans was about five 
hundred men, while the Mexicans lost over one thousand. 

8. During this year, 1846, Colonel Fremont, aided 
by Commodores Sloat and Stoqkton, captured California, 

5. AVhat is said of the attack on Fort Brown ? What occurred on 
the 8th of May? 6. What on the 9th? What was done by Con- 
gress ? 7. When did Taylor get possession of Matamoras ? De- 
scribe the siege of Monterey. 8. What other captures were made 
in 1846 ? 
9* 



102 HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 

General Kearney captured New Mexico, and Colonel 
Doniphan captured Chihuahua. 

9. General Scott was sent to Mexico where he arrived, 
early in 1847, and took the chief command of the Amer- 
ican forces. He ordered a large part of Taylor's army 
to join him in the attack upon Vera Cruz. This left 
General Taylor with only five thousand men to oppose 
twenty thousand Mexicans at San Luis Potosi under 
General Santa Anna. 

10. The latter attacked Taylor's army at Buena Vista, 
on the 23d of February, 1847, but was repulsed and 
driven in confusion from the field. The Americans 
were now in possession of all the northern part of Mex-. 
ico. Taylor remained with the army at Buena Vista, 
until September, when he gave the command to General 
Wool and returned to the United States. 

11. On the 9th of March, General Scott landed near 
Vera Cruz and at once besieged the place. This was 
continued until the 26th of March, 1847, when the city 
and the castle of San Juan de Ulloa were surrendered 
to the American forces. General Worth was now ap- 
pointed governor of Vera Cruz, and Scott with about 
eight thousand men marched towards the city of Mexico. 

12. Santa Anna stationed his army of fifteen thou- 
sand men at the mountain-pass of Cerro Gordo which 
was strongly fortified. Here he was attacked and totally 



9. What is said of General Scott? What was Taylor's situation? 
10. What is said of the battle of Buena Vista ? How long did Taylor 
remain at Buena Vista ? 11. What is said of the sie-ge of Vera Cruz ? 
Where did Scott now go ? 12. What is said of the battle of Cerro 
Gordo ? 



folk's apministration. 103 

routed by General Scott, ou the 18th of April, 1847. 
In the battle the Americans lost about four hundred' 
men, while the Mexicans lost four thousand in killed, 
wounded, and prisoners. 

13. On the 22d of April, Scott took possession of the 
fortress of Perote. On the 15th of jMay, 1847, the Amer- 
icans entered the city of La Puebla, where they remained 
until August. In the meantime the United States sent 
Mr. Trist to offer an honorable peace to, the Mexicans, 
but the offer was refused. General Scott, having been 
reenforced, left La Puebla early in August with terf 
thousand men. 

14. On the 20th of August, 1847, the Americans 
captured Contreras, which was defended by eight thou- 
sand Mexicans. On the same day they proceeded to 
Churubusco, where they met Santa Anna with two 
thousand seven hundred men. After a battle of three 
hours the Mexicans were defeated and fled in confusion 
to the city of Mexico. 

15. An armistice was now agreed upon, but was soon 
after violated by Santa Anna. On the 7th of Septem- 
ber, Scott declared the armistice at an end. On the 
8th, he captured El Molino del Rey ; on the 13th the 
'^trong position of Chapultepec was taken ; and on the 

13. When did Scott take the fortress of Perote? What city did 
the Americans enter in May, and how long did they remain there? 
What was accomplished by Mr. Trist's offer of peace? AVhen did 
Scott leave La Puebla ? 14. What is said of the capture of Contreras ? 
What of the battle of Cherubusco? 15, What is said of the armis- 
tice agreed upon ? Describe the battles leading to the capture of 
the city of Mexico. 



104 HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. ' 

14th of September, 1847, the Americans triumphantly 
entered the capital of Mexico. 

16. This ended the war, and. on the 2d of February, 
1848, a treaty of peace between the two countries was 
concluded at Guadalupe Hidalgo. By it New Mexico 
and California were ceded to the United States, and, in 
return, the Mexican government was to receive fifteen 
millions of dollars for the ceded territory. 

17. In May, 1848, Wisconsin was admitted into the 
Union as a State. It was first settled at Green Bay by 
<the French, in 1690. At the next election General 

Zachary Taylor was chosen President, and Millard 
Fillmore Vice-President of the United States. 

TAYLOR^S AND FILLMORE'S ADMINISTRATIONS 

(1849-1853). 

1. General Zachary Taylor was inaugurated on the 
5th of March, 1849. The gold found in California 
induced many persons to go there from all other sections 
of the country. Having formed a State constitution 
which prohibited slavery, the inhabitants of that State 
asked to be admitted into the Union as a State. This 
was violently opposed by the friends of slavery who 
threatened to withdraw from the Union. 

2. To settle the difficulty, Henry Clay introduced 

16. When was a treaty of peace concluded, and what were its 
provisions? 17. What is said of the admission and settlement of 
Wisconsin ? What was the result of the next election ? 

1. When was Taylor inaugurated? What is said of California? 
What did the friends of slavery threaten to do ? 2. How was the 
difficulty settled ? 



Taylor's and fillmore's administrations. 105 

into Congress a compromise bill which provided, 1st. 
That California should be admitted as a free State, 
and should embrace the territory from Oregon to the 
Mexican possessions ; 2d. That the territory of Utah 
should be erected without mention of slavery; 3d. 
That the territory of New Mexico should be formed 
without mention of slavery, and that ten millions of 
dollars should be paid to Texas in purchase of her 
claims; 4tli. That the slave trade in the District of 
Columbia should be abolished ; 5th. That a law should 
be passed for the arrest and return of fugitive slaves. 

3. On the 9th of July, 1850, General Taylor died, 
and, on the next day, Mr. Fillmore took the oath of 
office as President of the United States. In September, 
1850, the compromise bill was adopted by Congress, 
and California was admitted into the Union as a State. 
It was first settled by the Spaniards at Los Angelos, in 
1769. 

4. On the 29th of June, 1852, Henry Clay of Ken- 
tucky died in Washington, and, on the 24th of October 
following, Daniel Webster died at his residence in 
Massachusetts. At the next election Franklin Pierce 
was chosen President, and William R. King Vice- 
President of the United States. 

3. When did Taylor die, and who succeeded him ? What is said 
of the admission and settlement of California ? 4. What dis- 
tinguished persons died in 1862 ? What was the result of the next 
election ? 



106 HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 

FRANKLIN PIERCE'S ADMINISTRATION 

(1853-1857). 

1. Franklin Pierce was inaugurated on the 4th of 
March, 1853. On the 18th of April, Vice-President 
King died at his residence in Alabama. During this 
year a treaty was made with Mexico by which the 
United States acquired the territory of Arizona, and in 
return agreed to pay twenty millions of dollars to the 
Mexican government. 

2. In March, 1854, Commodore Perry made a treaty 
with Japan, by which commercial intercourse was 
established between the United States and that nation. 
During this year Congress passed a bill for organizing 
the territories of Kansas and Nebraska, giving the 
inhabitants the privilege of being admitted into the 
Union either as free or slave States. 

3. The most strenuous efforts were now made by the 
two sections, the North and the South, to obtain control 
of the afiairs of Kansas. Each party sent settlers to 
the territory, and a civil war ensued, which lasted 
for more than a year. At the next election, James 
Buchanan was chosen President, and John C. Breckin- 
ridge Vice-President of the United States. 



1. When was Pierce inaugurated ? When did Vice-President 
King die? What is said of the treaty with Mexico? 2, What is 
said of the treaty with Japan? What did Congress do with Kansas 
and Nebraska ? 3. What effect was produced upon Kansas ? What 
was the result of the next election ? 



JAMES BUCHANAN'S ADMINISTRATION 

(1857-1861). 

1. James Buchanan was inaugurated on the 4tli of 
March, 1857. The Mormons at Salt Lake City, under 
Brigham Young, refused obedience to the laws of the 
United States, and a military force was sent against 
them, which arrived, in 1858, and amicably settled the 
difficulty. 

2. In 1858, Buchanan recommended to Congress the 
admission of Kansas into the Union as a slave State, 
with ,the constitution adopted at Lecompton. This 
was opposed by the friends of freedom in and out of 
Congress, and Kansas was finally admitted, in January, 
1860, as a free State, 

3. In 1858, Minnesota was admitted into the Union 
as a State. It was first settled at St. Paul, in 1846, by 
emigrants from the Eastern States. In 1859, Oregon 
was admitted as a State. It was first settled at Astoria, 
in 1811, by emigrants from New England. 

4. On the 16th of October, 1859, John Brown with 
twenty-two other persons seized the arsenal at Harper's 
Ferry, with the intention of liberating the slaves of 
Virginia. They were soon overpowered and captured 
by the State and National troops, and, on the 2d of 
December, John Brown was hung. 

1. When was Buchanan inaugurated ? What diflBculties arose 
with the Mormons, and how were they settled? 2. What is said 
of the admission of Kansas into the Union ? 3. What is said of 
the admission and settlement of Minnesota ? Of Oregon? 4. What 
is said of John Brown's attempt to liberate the slaves of Virginia? 

(107) 



108 HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 

5. At the election, in 1860, Abraham Lincoln was 
chosen President, and Hannibal Hamlin Vice-President 
of the United States. The politicians of the South 
were dissatisfied with the election, and, on the 20th of 
December, South Carolina seceded from the Union. 

6. At this time the garrison of Fort Moultrie was 
commanded by General Robert Anderson. He withdrew 
to Fort Sumpter, and Fort Moultrie was taken and 
occupied by the troops of South Carolina. The steamer 
" Star of the West," sent with provisions to Fort Sump- 
ter, was fired into, on the 9th of January, 1861, by 
the South Carolina troops and compelled to return. 

7. By the 1st of February, 1861, Mississippi, Florida, 
Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas had followed the 
example of South Carolina. Virginia, Arkansas, North 
Carolina, and Tennessee afterwards seceded, making 
eleven States in all. They seized the forts, arsenals, 
and other property belonging to the United States, and 
made preparations for establishing a government. 

8. Delegates from six of the seceded States met, on 
the 4th of February, 1861, and formed a " Southern 
Confederacy" with the title of "Confederate States of 
America." They chose Jefi"erson Davis President, and 
Alexander H. Stephens Vice-President of the " Confed- 
eration." 

6. What was the result of the election in 1860 ? What was done 
by South Carolina ? 6. What was done by General Anderson ? 
What is said of the steamer Star of the West? 7. What States 
seceded by the 1st of February, 1861 ? What States afterwards 
seceded ? What did the seceders do ? 8. What was done by the 
delegates from the seceded States ? 



LINCOLN AND JOHNSON'S ADMINISTRATIONS 

(1861-1866). 

1. Abraham Lincoln was inaugurated, on the 4tli 
of March, 1861, and at once prepared to maintain the 
authority of the National Grovernraent. On the 11th 
of April following, a fleet was sent to relieve Fort 
Sumpter. On the 12th of April, before its arrival, the 
Confederates attacked the fort and compelled Anderson 
to evacuate it. 

2. On the 15th of April, 1861, the President issued 
a proclamation calling for seventy-five thousand men to 
serve for three months, and for an extra session of 
Congress to meet on the 4th of July. The troops were 
quickly raised and sent to protect the city of Washing- 
ton from the threatened attack of the Confederates. 

3. On the 18th of April, 1861, five hundred Penn- 
sylvania volunteers arrived at the capital. On the 19th, 
as a regiment of troops from Massachusetts was passing 
through Baltimore, it was attacked by a mob, and, on 
the same day, a body of unarmed troops from Penn- 
sylvania was attacked and compelled to return to Phila- 
delphia, 

4. The troops at Harper's Ferry destroyed the public 
buildings and retreated to Washington. The navy yard 
at Norfolk and the vessels in the harbor were destroyed 

1. When was Lincoln inaugurated, and what did he do? What 
was done with Fort Sumpter? 2. What was the President's pro- 
clamation? What was done with the troops ? 3. Who arrived at 
the capital on the 18th of April? What occurred at Baltimore? 
4. What was done at Harper's Ferry ? At Norfolk ? 

10 (109) 



110 HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 

by the Union troops to prevent their falling into the 
hands of the enemy. 

5. On the 3d of May, the President called for sixty- 
four thousand volunteers for the army, and eighteen 
thousand men for the navy. General Butler now occu- 
pied Baltimore with a large body of troops and restored 
quiet to the city. 

6. On the 10th of June, (xeneral Butler sent a force 
against the enemy at Great Bethel. In the darkness 
of the night two of the regiments, mistaking each other 
for the enemy, commenced firing when one man was 
killed and several wounded. In the attack next morn- 
ing the Union forces were defeated and compelled to 
retreat. Lieutenant Greble and Major Winthrop were 
killed in this engagement. 

7. Congress met, on the 4th of July, 1861, and 
authorized the raising of five hundred thousand men 
and appropriated five hundred millions of dollars to 
carry on the war. On the 11th of July, the Confed- 
erates under Colonel Pegram, at Rich Mountain, in 
Virginia, were defeated by General Bosecrans. The 
Union forces obtained a large amount of cannon and 
military stores and six hundred prisoners. 

8. At St. George, Virginia, the Confederates under 
General Garrett were routed by the Union forces under 
General McClellan. Two hundred of their number, 

5. What did the President do on the 3d of May? What is said 
of Butler? 6. What is said of the battle of Great Bethel? 
7. What was authorized by Congress ? What was done at Rich 
Mountain? 8. What is said of the battle at St. George? 



Lincoln's and Johnson's administrations. Ill 

including General Garrett, were killed, and one thousand 
taken prisoners. 

9. On the 18tli of July, the Union forces under General 
McDowell attacked and repulsed the enemy at Centre^ 
ville. On the 21st of July, 1861, they attacked the 
Confederates under General Beauregard at Bull Run. 
The enemy was at first repulsed, but having been reen- 
forced, he charged upon the Union forces, which fled 
in great confusion towards Washington with the loss of 
over three thousand men and a large quantity of artillery 
and baggage. 

10. On the 22d of July, 1861, General McClellan was 
appointed to the command of the Army of the Potomac. 
He spent the autumn and the following winter in pre- 
paring for an advance against Richmond, the Confed- 
erate capital. 

11. A naval expedition under Commodore Stringham 
and General Butler was sent against the forts at Hatteras 
Inlet, North Carolina, and, on the 29th of August, 1861, 
they were captured with seven hundred and fifty men 
and' a large amount of stores. None of the Union forces 
were injured. Of the Confederates only eight were 
killed and fifteen wounded. 

12. Early in September, 1861, General Rosecrans 
attacked and defeated the Confederates under General 

9. When and by whom was the enemy defeated at Ceiitreville? 
What is said of the battle of Bull Run ? 10. When was McClellan 
appointed to the command of the army, and what did he do ? 
11. What is said of the expedition against the forts at Hatteras 
Inlet? 12. What happened near Summerville ? What was done 
at Harper's Ferry ? 



112 HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 

Floyd, near Summerville, Virginia. Floyd crossed the 
Gauley river in the night and escaped. On the 14th 
of October, the Union forces under Colonel Geary were 
attacked at Harper's Ferry by the Confederates, but the 
assailants were forced to retreat. 

13. On the 21st of October, 1861, the Union forces, 
numbering about seventeen hundred men, under General 
Stone, were attacked and defeated by three thousand 
five hundred Confederates under General Evans. During 
their retreat across the Potomac one of the boats sunk 
and several were drowned. Colonel Baker was slain, 
and about six hundred and forty of the Union troops 
were killed, wounded, or missing. 

14. In the latter part of October, 1861 , General Scott 
resigned his commission as commander-in-chief of the 
army, and General McClellan was appointed to succeed 
him. In October, a naval expedition was sent out under 
Admiral Dupont, which captured Hilton Head and the 
town of Beaufort, South Carolina, on the 7th of Novem- 
ber, 1861. 

15. On the same day (November 7th), Captain 
Wilkes took the Confederate commissioners, Mason and 
Slidell, from the English mail steamer Trent, and sent 
them to Fort Warren at Boston. The British govern- 
ment demanded their surrender and they were set at 
liberty, January 1st, 1862. 

16. On the 10th of May, 1861, General Lyon 

13. What happened to the army under General Stone ? 14, When 
did General Scott resign, and who succeeded him ? What is said 
of the naval expedition under Dupont? 15. What was done with 
Mason and Slidell? 16. What did General Lyon accomplish at 
Boonville? What is said of the engagement at Carthage? 



EVENTS OF 1862. 113 

captured a Confederate camp at Boonville, Missouri, 
and took possession of a large amount of military stores 
in the arsenal. On the 5th of July, a severe engage- 
ment occurred near Carthage, Missouri, between the 
Union troops under General Sigel and the Confederates 
under Jackson, when the latter were repulsed, 

17. The Union fort at Lexington, Missouri, was 
attacked by the Confederates under General Price. 
The assailants were at first repulsed with heavy loss, 
but afterwards renewed the attack, and, on the 20th of 
September, 1861, the fort with the garrison was sur- 
rendered to the enemy. It was recaptured by Major 
White and a party of Union cavalry, on the 16th of 
October. 

18. On the 18th of December, 1861, Colonel Jefferson 
C. Davis defeated the Confederates near Milford, Mis- 
souri, took thirteen hundred prisoners, one thousand 
horses, and a large amount of arms and ammunition. 



EVENTS OP 1862. 

1. On the 19th of January, 1862, the Confederates 
under Generals Crittenden and Zollickoffer attacked 
General Thomas near Somerset, Kentucky, but they 
w^ere repulsed and General Zollickoffer slain. On the 
16th of February, 1862, the Union forces under Gen- 

17. What occurred at the fort, at Lexington, Missouri? 18. What 
was done by Colonel Davis at Milford? 

1. What is said of the attack on General Thomas near Somerset? 
What is said of the capture of Fort Donelson ? 
10* 



114 HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 

eral Grant captured Fort Donelson, on the Cumberland 
River. Grant's army amounted to fifteen thousand 
men. The Confederates numbered eighteen thousand, 
and were commanded by Generals Floyd and Pillow. 
Floyd escaped "w^ith five thousand men, but the remain- 
ing thirteen thousand, with three thousand horses, 
sixty-two cannon, and twenty thousand arms, were sur- 
rendered. 

2. On the 8th of March, 1862, the Union forces 
numbering twenty thousand men, under General Curtis, 
after three days' fighting, defeated thirty thousand 
Confederates under Generals Van Dorn and Price, at 
Pea Ridge, in Arkansas, and captured a large amount 
of military stores. 

3. In March, General Grant, with thirty-eight thou- 
sand men, commenced to ascend the Tennessee River. 
On the 6th of April, 1862, he was attacked at Shiloh 
by about sixty thousand Confederates under Generals 
Beauregard and A. S. Johnston. The battle lasted all 
day, and in the evening, Grant was reenforced by 
General Buell with twenty thousand men. At day- 
break the next morning he attacked the enemy and 
drove him from the field towards Corinth. Generals 
Wallace of the Union and Johnston of the Confederate 
army were among the killed in this battle. 

4. On the 7th of April, 1862, Commodore Foote 
with a fleet of gunboats captured Island No. 10, in the 
Mississippi River. He was assisted by a body of Union 

2. What is said of the hattle of Pea Eidge? 3. Where did Gen- 
eral Grant go in March? Describe the battle of Shiloh. 4. What 
is said of the capture of Island No. 10 ? 



EVENTS OF 1862. 115 

troops under General Pope who cut off the enemy^s 
retreat. Seven thousand Confederate officers and sol- 
diers, and a large amount of military stores, were sur- 
rendered along with the Island. 

5. General Mitchell, after a rapid march through 
Kentucky and Tennessee, captured Huntsville, in Ala- 
bama, on the 11th of April, 1862, and secured two 
hundred prisoners with a large amount of military 
stores. The next day he sent an expedition to Stevens's 
Station which captured two thousand of the enemy. 

6. Commodores Farragut and Porter, with a fleet of 
gunboats, passed up the Mississippi to capture New 
Orleans. Forts Jackson and St. Philip obstructed their 
passage, and, on the 18th of April, they commenced to 
bombard them. This was continued until the 28th of 
April, when the forts were surrendered. On the 23d 
of April, a part of the fleet passed the forts and ap- 
proached New Orleans, which was abandoned by the 
Confederate army under General Lovell. On the 28th 
of April, 1862, the city was surrendered, and General 
Butler with an army took military possession. 

7. In August, General Bragg, with over twenty-five 
thousand Confederate troops, invaded Kentucky and 
proceeded nearly to Louisville. His intentions were 
foiled by General Buell, at the head of eighteen thou- 
sand Union troops, and after a severe battle near Perry. 
ville, on the 8th of October, 1862, he was compelled 
to retreat into Tennessee. 

5. What was done by General Mitchell in April ? 6. Describe 
the capture of New Orleans. 7. What is said of Bragg'a invasion 
of Kentucky ? 



116 HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 

8. On the 3d of October, 1862, forty thousand of 
the enemy, commanded by Van Dorn, attacked the 
Union troops under Rosecrans, at Corinth, Mississippi. 
After two days' fighting, the Confederates were repulsed 
with a heavy loss. By this victory the Union troops 
gained possession of West Tennessee. 

9. On the 29th of December, 1862, General Sher- 
man, with fifty thousand Union troops, attacked Vicks- 
burg on the Mississippi. After a severe battle he was 
repulsed. On the 31st, about sixty-five thousand Con- 
federates attacked the Union forces and compelled them 
to reembark and leave the place. 

10. In January, 1862, a land and naval expedition 
under General Burnside and Commodore Goldsborough 
left Fortress Monroe for North Carolina. On the 8th 
of February, they captured Roanoke Island and three 
thousand Confederates, with forty cannon and three 
thousand small arms. 

11. On the 8th of March, 1862, the Confederate 
iron-clad steamer Merrimac, Captain Buchanan, sunk 
the frigates Cumberland and Congress near the mouth 
of the James River. In the night the Union iron-clad 
steamer" Monitor, Lieutenant Worden, arrived, and the 
next morning attacked and disabled the Merrimac and 
drove her back to Norfolk. 

12. On the 22d of February, 1862, the Army of the 

8. AVhat is said of the attack upon Corinth ? 9. What is said of 
Sherman's attack on Vicksburg? 10. What was done by Burnside 
and Goldsborough ? 11. What was done by the iron-clad Merri- 
mac? What by the Monitor? 12. What was done by McClellan ? 
What by General Shields in March ? 



EVENTS OF 1862. 117 

Potomac under McClellan advanced towards Richmond, 
and, on the 10th of March, took Manassas and Centre- 
ville. On the 23d of March, seven thousand Union 
troops under General Shields defeated eleven thousand 
Confederates under Longstreet and Jackson near Win- 
chester, Virginia. 

13. On the 14th of March, 1862, General Burnside 
captured Newborn, North Carolina, taking three hun- 
dred prisoners and a lajge supply of guns and ammu- 
nition. An expedition was now sent against Beaufort, 
which was evacuated on the approach of the Union 
troops. ^ 

14. On the 11th of April, 1862, Fort Pulaski, at the 
mouth of the Savannah river, was captured by General 
Gillmore, and, on the 26th of April, Fort Macon, North 
Carolina, was surrendered to the Union -forces under 
Commodore Goldsborough. 

15. On the 4th of April, 1862, General McClellan 
landed at Fortress Monroe, and proceeded with his army 
towards Yorktown, On the 3d of May, the Confeder- 
ates evacuated the place and fled towards Richmond. 
On the 5th, the Union forces came up with the enemy 
at Williamsburg, and, after a severe battle, drove him 
from the field. 

16. On the 10th of May, 1862, General Wool, with 
five thousand men, captured Norfolk, and the following 

13. What is said of the capture of Newhern? Of Boaufort? 

14. What is said of the capture of Fort Pulaski and Fort Macon ? 

15. What is said of McClellan's advance? What of the battle of 
Williamsburg? 16. What was done on the 10th and 11th of May? 
What was done by the iron-clad gunboats ? 



118 HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 

moroiuii the Confederates destroyed the iron-clad Merri- 
mac. Soon after this the iron-clad gunboats proceeded 
up the James river towards Richmond, but were pre- 
vented from reaching the city by the obstructions in the 
channel. 

17. McCIellan moved carefully on towards Eichmond, 
and, on the 22d of May, crossed the Chickahomiuy 
river. On the 31st of May, 1862, and the day follow- 
ing, severe battles were fought at Fair Oaks, but neither 
party gained any advantage. 

18. On the 24th of June, 1862, McCIellan began to 
change his base so as to receive his supplies from the 
James river. The enemy took this opportunity to attack 
the Union army. A series of severe and bloody battles 
followed, during the next seven days, attended with great 
loss of life;, but the Confederates were foiled in every 
attempt to capture or destroy the Union army. 

19. About fifteen thousand Confederate troops under 
Ewell and Jackson attacked General Banks's division 
of four thousand men, near Winchester, on the 25th of 
May, 1862. The Union troops retreated across the Po- 
tomac at Williamsport. The enemy now withdrew his 
forces, and General Fremont started from the Shenan- 
doah valley in pursuit. On the 8th of June, 1 862, at 
Cross Keys, a battle was fought which resulted in the 
defeat of the Confederate troops and their retreat across 
the Blue Ridge towards Richmond. 

17. Whnt is said of McClellan's movements? Wbnt of the battle 
of Fair Oaks? 18. What is said of McClellan's chanjre of base? 
19. What is said of the battle of Winchester? What of the battle 
>t Cross Keys? 



EVENTS OF 1862. 119 

20. On the 25tli of June, 1862, the forces under Fro- 
mont, Banks, and McDowell were consolidated and placed 
under the command of General Pope. President Lin- 
coln, on the 1st of July, called for three hundred thou- 
sand more troops for the army. 

21. On the 11th of July, 1862, General Halleck was 
appointed commander-in-chief of the Union forces. On 
th^ 17th of July, Congress adjourned. During the ses- 
sion, an act was passed confiscating the property of per- 
sons in arms against the United States government, also 
an act abolishing slavery in the District of Columbia. 

22. Soon after the "seven days' fight" the Confeder- 
ates beo-an to move towards Washington. The dana-er 
to that city became so great, that McClellan was ordered 
to withdraw from the Peninsula and hasten to the aid 
of General Pope. 

23. On the 9th of August, 1862, the Union forces 
under General Banks were attacked at Cedar Mountain 
by General Jackson. In the evening General Pope 
arrived with additional Union troops, and the enemy, 
on the 11th, hastily retreated across the Bapidan. 

24. General Jackson now attempted to destroy Pope's 
army before McClellan could reenforce it, and the Union 
forces were compelled to fall back towards Manassas. 

20. What was done with the forces under Fremont, Banks, nnd 
McDowell? What was done by the President on the 1st of July? 
21. When was Halleck appointed commander-in-chief? When did 
Congress adjourn, and what was done during the session ? 22. What 
did the Confederates do after the seven days' fight? What was 
McClellan ordered to do ? 23. What is said of the battle of Cedar 
Mountain ? 24. What is said of Pope's army ? What is said of the 
second battle at Bull Kun ? 



120 HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 

Oa the 29tli of August, 1862, they were attacked near 
the old battle-field of Bull Run and finally compelled to 
retreat to Centreville, and afterwards to the fortifica- 
tions around Washington. 

25. General McClellan arrived on the 1st of Septem- 
ber, and took command of all the forces for the defence 
of the Capital. The Confederates under General Lee 
now crossed the Potomac into Maryland. They were 
followed by McClellan, and, on the 14th of September, 
1862, a severe battle was fought at South Mountain, 
Maryland, when the enemy was defeated. 

26. On the 15th of September, 1862, Colonel Miles 
surrendered Harper's Ferry, with eleven thousand five 
hundred Union troops and a large amount of stores, to 
Generals Jackson and Hill who commanded thirty-five 
thousand men, 

27. On the 17th of September, 1862, the great battle 
of Antietam was fought, on Antietam creek, in Maryland. 
The Confederates, numbering ninety-seven thousand 
men, under General Lee, were defeated by McClellan, 
and, during the night, crossed the Potomac into Virginia. 

28. Early in October, 1862, a body of Confederate 
cavalry, under Generals Stuart and Hampton, made a 
raid into Pennsylvania, captured Mercersburg and 
Chambersburg, and escaped into Virginia with one 
thousand horses besides other plunder. 

25. When did McClellan arrive, and what did he do? What was 
now done by the two armies? 26. What is said of the surrender of 
Harper's Ferry? 27. What is said of the battle of Antietam? 
28. What is said of the raid into Pennsylvania by Stuart and 
Hampton ? 



EVENTS OP 1863. 121 

29. McClellan followed Lee's retreating army through 
Virginia, and, on the 5th of November, he was super- 
seded in command by Burnside. On the 17th of No- 
vember, the Union forces encamped opposite Freder- 
icksburg where they went into winter-quarters. Burnside 
crossed the Rappahannock river, and, on the loth of 
December, 1862, attacked Lee's troops at Fredericks- 
burg, but he was defeated and compelled to retreat across 
the river with the loss of over eight thousand men. 

30. The prospects of the country at the close of 1862, 
were indeed gloomy. The Confederates had still a very 
large army in the field and were vigorously preparing 
for the next campaign. The Union armies numbered 
about eight hundred thousand men, but with all this 
force they had seemingly accomplished but little towards 
ending the war. 



EVENTS OF 1863. 

1. On the 1st of January, 1863, President Lincoln 
issued a proclamation freeing the slaves in Arkansas, 
Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, Flor- 
ida, South Carolina, North Carolina, and Virginia. On 
the 11th of January, the Union forces under General 
McClernand and Admiral Porter captured Arkansas 

29. When and by whom was McClellan succeeded ? Where did 
the Union forces go into winter-quarters ? What is said of the battle 
of Fredericksburg? 30. What was the condition of the country at 
the close of 1862? 

1. What was done by the President on the 1st of January, 1863? 
What is saiii of the capture of Arkansas Post ? 
11 



122 HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 

Post and four thousand seven hundred Confederates 
under Churchill. 

2. On the 5th of March, 1863, the Union forces 
under Coburn were defeated at Spring Hill, by Van 
Dorn, with the loss of twelve hundred prisoners; On 
the 7th of April, seventeen hundred Union cavalry, 
under General Dodge, were captured at Cedar Bluff by 
the Confederates under Forrest. 

3. On the 10th of April, 1863, Van Dorn with fifteen 
thousand Confederates attacked General Granger, at 
Franklin, Tennessee, but he was repulsed. In April, 
Colonel Grierson made a cavalry raid through Georgia 
and Alabama, capturing five hundred Confederates, 
cutting all the railroads, and doing much other damage. 

4. On the 1st of May, 1863, General Grant totally 
routed eleven thousand Confederates at Boulinsburg, 
Mississippi. On the same day Port Gibson was cap- 
tured by the Union forces under McClernand. 

5. On the 16th of May, 1863, Grant defeated the 
Confederates under Pemberton at Champion Hills. On 
the next day Grant again defeated the enemy, compelling 
him to retreat to Vicksburg. 

6. On the 18th, Grant, aided by Admiral Porter, 

2. What of the defeat of the Union forces at Spring Hill ? What 
happened to General Dodge at Cedar Bluff? 3. What is said of the 
attack upon General Granger at Franklin? What of Grierson's 
cavalry raid through Georgia and Alabama? 4. What is said of 
the battle of Boulinsburg? Of the capture of Port Gibson? 
5. What was done by General Grant on the 16th of May? On 
the 17th of May ? 6. Describe the siege and capture of Vicksburg. 
What was the loss of each army in the battles leading to the capture 
of Vicksburg? 



EVENTS OF 1863. 123 

commenced the siege of Vicksburg, He made several 
attempts to carry the works by assault, but was repulsed 
with heavy loss. General Johnston with a large Con- 
federate force threatened the rear of the Union army ; 
but, after a severe struggle, General Pemberton, on the 
4th of July, 1863, surrendered the place with thirty-one 
thousand men and an immense amount of stores to 
General Grant. In the battles leading to the capture 
of Vicksburg, the Confederates lost nearly fifty thousand 
men, while the loss of the Union forces did not exceed 
ten thousand. 

Is Port Hudson on the Mississippi was invested by 
General Banks, in May. Several assaults were made, 
but the Union troops were repulsed. The siege was 
vigorously continued until the 9th of July, 1863, when 
the town and five thousand five hundred men were sur- 
rendered by General Gardner to the Union army. 

8. On the 8th of July, General John Morgan with 
five thousand Confederates made a raid into Indiana, 
where they plundered and destroyed much valuable 
property. The inhabitants volunteered in such num- 
bers to oppose the enemy, that Morgan retreated into 
Ohio with considerable loss. He was closely pursued, 
and, on the 26th of July, 1863, he and the remnant of 
his army were captured near New Lisbon, Ohio. 

9. On the 19th of September, 1863, the Confederates 
under Bragg and Longstreet attacked General Rosecrans 
at Chickamauga, Georgia. After two days' hard fighting 

7. What is said of the siege and surrender of Port Hudson ? 
8. What of Morgan's raid into Indiana? 9. What of the battle 
of Chickamauga? 



124 HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 

they withdrew their forces and the Union army fell back 
to the fortifications at Chattanooga. 

10. In October, Wheeler's Confederate cavalry made 
a raid iiUo Tennessee, but were finally defeated at Farm- 
ington's Farm by General Crook. They lost during the 
raid over two thousand men. On the 20th of the same 
month, seven hundred Union troops were captured at 
Philadelphia, Tennessee, by the Confederate cavalry 
under Morrison. 

11. On the 4th of November, the Union forces under 
Burbridge were defeated at Bayou Coteau, Louisiana, 
with a loss of seven hundred men. On the 23d of 
November, 1863, the battle of Chattanooga commenced. 
It continued for three days, when the Confederates under 
Bragg were routed and forced to retreat into Georgia 
with the loss of six thousand prisoners. 

12. On the 30th of November, 1863, the Confederates 
under Longstreet made an assault upon Fort Sanders at 
Knoxville, Tennessee, but were repulsed. The enemy 
retreated to Beans's Station where he was attacked by 
General Shackelford. In the battle which followed the 
Union troops were defeated, but Longstreet continued 
his retreat until he joined Lee's army in Virginia. 

13. On the 26th of January, 1863, General Hooker 
was appointed commander of the Army of the Potomac 

10. What of Wheeler's cavalry raid into Tennessee? AVhat was 
done by the Confederate cavalry under Morrison? 11. What is 
said of the battle of Bayou Coteau ? Of the battle of Chattanooga ? 
12. What is said of the assault upon Fort Sanders ? Of the battle 
at Beans's Station? 13. When was Hooker appointed commander 
of the Army of the Potomac? When was West Virginia admitted 
as a State ? 



EVENTS OF 1863. 125 

in place of Burnside who resigned. On the 21st of 
April, West Virginia was admitted into the Union as a 
State. 

14. During the session of Congress which ended in 
March, the " Conscription Act" became a law. Under 
this Act the President ordered a draft for three hundred 
thousand men. This led to a riot in New York city 
(July 13th, 1863), by which one hundred and fifty lives 
were lost and two millions of dollars worth of property 
destroyed. 

15. Near the end of April, General Hooker, with the 
Army of the Potomac, crossed the Eappahannock, and, 
on the 2d of May, 1863, met the Confederates under 
General Lee at Chancellorsville, Virginia. A battle 
ensued which lasted until the night of the 4th, when 
the Union forces retreated across the Rappahannock. 

16. General Stoneman with a large Union force made 
a raid through Virginia, passing within two miles of 
Kichmond. After having captured five hundred prison- 
ers and destroyed a large amount of property, he joined 
Hooker's army, on the 8th of May, 1863. 

17. About the middle of June, Lee crossed the 
Potomac into Maryland and thence into Pennsylvania. 
He was followed by Hooker who was relieved of his 
command, on the 27th of June, and succeeded by 
General Meade. On the 1st of July,- 1863, the armies 

14. What is said of the Conscription Act? What of the draft 
ordered by the President? 15. What of the battle of Chancellors- 
ville? 16. What of Stoneman's raid through Virginia? 17. Where 
did Lee go in June ? What is said of Hooker ? What of the battle 
of Gettysburg? 
11* 



126 HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 

met at Gettysburg, where a severe struggle com- 
menced which lasted for three days, when the Confed- 
erate army was badly defeated and fled back to the 
Rappahannock. 

18. On the 18th of July, 1863, Fort Wagner, in 
Charleston harbor, was attacked by the iron-clad fleet 
and the Union forces under General G^lmore. An 
assault was made on the works, but the assailants were 
repulsed. The siege was continued during the remainder 
of the year. 

19. There was much skirmishing between the Union 
forces under Meade and the Confederates under Lee, on 
the Rappahannock, but no very severe battle occurred 
until the next year. At the close of 1863, the Union 
forces held possession of the Mississippi river, of the 
States of Missouri, Arkansas, Kentucky, and Tennessee, 
and of a large portion of Mississippi, Louisiana, and 
Florida, all of which had been wrested from the Con- 
federates. 



EVENTS OF 1864. 

1. On the 1st of February, 1864, President Lincoln 
ordered a draft for five hundred thousand men to sup- 
ply the army and navy. On the 3d of February, 

18. What of Gilmore's attack on Fort Wagner? 19. What was 
done by the two armies on the Rappahannock ? What was the 
state of affairs at the close of 1863 ? 

1. What was done by the President in February, 1864 ? What is 
said of Sherman's raid? 



EVENTS OF 1864, 127 

General Sherman left Vicksburg, with twenty-six thou- 
sand men, and made an extensive raid through Mis- 
sissippi. He destroyed an immense amount of Con- 
federate property and liberated about five thousand 
slaves. 

2. A large body of Union troops, under General A. 
J. Smith, made a raid through Mississippi with the 
intention of joining General Sherman, but was pre- 
vented by the enemy. He arrived at Memphis, on 
the 25th of February, 1864, after having destroyed 
much property, taken three hundred prisoners, and 
liberated two thousand slaves. 

3. On the 25th of March, 1864, six thousand five 
hundred Confederates under General Forrest attacked 
Paducah, Kentucky, but were finally repulsed with the 
loss of fifteen hundred men. On the 8th of April, the 
Union troops under General Banks were defeated by 
the Confederates under General Kirby Smith, at Mans- 
field, Louisiana. 

4. During the night General Banks withdrew to 
Pleasant Hill where he was reenforced by General A. 
J. Smith. On the next day (April 9th), the Con- 
federates again attacked him, but were repulsed with 
the loss of over one thousand men. 

5. On the 12th of April, 1864, Forrest with six 
thousand Confederate troops captured Fort Pillow 
below Paducah, Kentucky, which was under the com- 
mand of Major Booth. Over four hundred of the 

2. What of Smith's raid? 3. What of the rebel attack on Pa- 
ducah? What of the defeat of Banks at Mansfield ? 4. What is 
said of his retreat ? 5. What of the capture of Fort Pillow ? 



128 HISTORY OP THE UNITED STATES. 

garrison were cruelly massacred after they had sur- 
rendered. 

6. On the 1st of June, 1864, General Sturgis left 
Memphis on an expedition against the Confederates 
under Forrest. On the 10th, he was attacked at Grun- 
town, Tennessee, by the enemy and defeated, after 
which he retreated to Ripley. 

7. General John H. Morgan, with a body of Con- 
federates, made a raid into Kentucky. After capturing 
a number of places and destroying much property, he 
was defeated at Cynthiana, Kentucky, on the 13th of 
June, 1864, by General Burbridge. Burbridge also 
recaptured fifteen hundred Union prisoners which had 
previously been taken by Morgan. 

8. On the 20th of July, 1864, the Confederates 
attacked Sherman's army, at Decatur, Georgia, but 
were repulsed and driven to Atlanta, where they were 
in turn attacked and defeated by Sherman, on the 22d 
of July. 

9. On the 5th of August, Admiral Farragut with a 
fleet of thirty-two vessels defeated the Confederate fleet 
in Mobile Bay, capturing two vessels and two hundred 
and thirty men. On the 8th, Fort Gaines with over 
eight hundred Confederates was captured, and, on the 
23d of August, 1864, Fort Morgan with six hundred 
prisoners was surrendered by General Page to Admiral 
Farragut and General Granger. 

6. What is said of the expedition under General Sturgis ? 7. What 
of Morgan's raid into Kentucky ? 8. What of the battles at Decatur 
and Atlanta ? 9. What was accomplished by Farragut in Mobile 
Bay? 



EVENTS OP 1864. 129 

10. On the 31st of August, 1864, Sherman's army 
was attacked at Jonesboro, Georgia, by Lee and Hardee. 
The battle was renewed the next morning, when the 
Confederates were defeated with the loss of three thou- 
sand men. 

11. Late in September, 1864, Hood with a larg,e 
Confederate force commenced operating on the rear of 
Sherman's army. A portion of the enemy under Gen- 
eral French attacked General Corse at AUtoona, Georgia, 
but were defeated. 

12. Hood now marched into Tennessee with an army 
of forty thousand men. General Thomas commanding 
the Union troops retreated to Franklin, where he was 
attacked by Hood, on the 30th of November. The 
Confederates were repulsed, but Thomas continued his 
retreat to Nashville where he was besieged by Hood. 

13. On the 15th of December, 1864, Thomas attacked 
the besiegers in front of Nashville. After two days' 
hard fighting, Hood's army was routed and forced to 
retreat into Alabama. 

14. On the 12th of November, Sherman commenced 
his march from Atlanta to Savannah. He captured 
Milledgeville and several other towns, destroyed an 
immense amount of Confederate property, and finally 
took possession of Savannah, on the 21st of December, 
1864, after it had been evacuated by the Confederates 
under Hardee. 

10. What is said of the attack on Sherman's army at Jones- 
boro? 11. What was done by Hood's Confederate force in Georgia? 
12. What in Tennessee? 13. What is said of the siege of Nash- 
ville? 14. What of Sherman's march from Atlanta to Savannah? 



130 HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 

15. On the 12th of March, 1864, General Grant was 
assigned the command of the armies of the United 
States. On the 20th of April, the Confederates under 
General Hoke captured Plymouth, North Carolina, 
along with the commander General Wessels and sixteen 
hundred men. 

16. On the 4th of May, 1864, the Army of the 
Potomac under Grant crossed the Rapidan, and moved 
towards Richmond. On the 5th, they met the Con- 
federate army under General Lee, and commenced the 
battle of the Wilderness, which, after two days' fight- 
ing, resulted in favor of the Union army. The Union 
loss in these battles was about twelve thousand, while 
that of the enemy was still greater. 

17. On the 10th of May, 1864, Grant attacked Lee's 
troops at Spottsylvania Court-House, Virginia, and after 
three days* severe fighting drove them from the field. 
Grant continued to advance, and, by the 1st of June, 
Lee's whole army had retreated to the defences of 
Richmond. 

18. On the 5th of May, 1864, General Butler with 
a large force landed at Bermuda Hundred, near the 
mouth of the Appomattox River, in order to check the 
reenforcements under Beauregard which had been sent 
to Lee. General Grant now crossed the James River 
and commenced the siege of Petersburg. He sent out 

15. When did General Grant take command of all the Union 
armies? What is said of the capture of Plymouth? 16. What was 
done by Grant in May? What is said of the battle of the Wilder- 
ness? 17. What of the battle of Spottsylvania Court-House? 
18. What was done by Butler, in May ? What by Grant? 



EVENTS OF 1864. 131 

three expeditions under Hunter, Wilson, and Sheridan, 
which destroyed the railway communications between 
Lee's army and Richmond. 

19. On the 16th of May, 1864, General Butler's 
forces were surprised and defeated at Port Walthal, 
Virginia, by Beauregard. On the 21st, the Con- 
federates made a night attack upon Butler, at Bermuda 
Hundred, but were repulsed. 

20. On the 19th of June, 1864, the pirate Alabama, 
Captain Semnies, was sunk on the coast of France by 
the Kearsarge, Captain Winslow. An English vessel 
picked up Semmes and a portion of the crew before 
they could be secured by Winslow, and carried them to 
England. 

21. On the 6th of July, 1864, fifteen thousand Con- 
federate soldiers under General Early invaded Maryland 
by way of the Shenandoah. They met and defeated 
General Wallace at Monocacy, compelling him to retreat 
towards Washington. After securing a large amount of 
plunder they retreated to Winchester, Virginia, where 
they were badly defeated by General Averill. 

22. The Confederates were afterwards reenforced, 
when they made another raid into Maryland and Penn- 
sylvania, and, on the 30th of July, 1864, burned Cham- 
bersburg. They soon retreated to Virginia, but not until 
they had secured an immense amount of plunder and 
destroyed much valuable property. 

19. What is said of the attacks upon Butler's forces ? 20. What 
of the sinking of the pirate Alabama ? 21. What is said of 
Early's invasion of Maryland? 22. What of the raid into Penn- 
sylvania ? 



132 HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 

23. The siege of Petersburg was continued by Grrant, 
and many advantages were gained by the Union forces, 
in June and July. The Weldon railway was seized, on 
the 18th of August, and the supplies for Lee's army 
cut off. Several desperate attempts were made by the 
Confederates to retake it, but they were repulsed with 
heavy loss. 

24. On the 18th of September, General Sheridan 
totally defeated the Confederates under Early at Ope- 
quan, Virginia. On the 19th of October, Early was 
again defeated by Sheridan, at Cedar Creek, and com- 
pelled to retreat with heavy loss. 

25. At the election, in November, 1864, Abraham 
Lincoln was reelected President, and Andrew Johnfaon 
was elected Vice-President of the United States. 



EVENTS OF 1865. 

1. A military and naval expedition left Fortress Mon- 
roe, under Admiral Porter assisted by General Butler, 
to capture Wilmington. On the 15th of January, 1865, 
Fort Fisher was captured by a part of the land forces 
under General Terry assisted by the fleet under Porter. 
The siege was continued, and, on the 21st of February, 
1865, Wilmington was captured. 

2. On the 20th of January, 1865, Sherman left 

2?,. What of the siege of Petersburg? 24. What of Sheridan's 
attacks upon the Confederates ? 25. What was the result of the 
election in November? 

1. What is said of the expedition to capture Wilmington? 
2. What is said of Sherman's march from Savannah to Goldsboro ? 



EVENTS OF 1865. 133 

Savannah and commenced his campaign in South Caro- 
lina. On the 17th of February, they captured Colum- 
bia, and on the following day (February 18, 1865) they 
took possession of Charleston. Sherman marched on, 
capturing several places, until he arrived at Goldsboro, 
North Carolina, where he was joined, on the 22d of 
March, by Terry from Wilmington and schofield from 
Newborn. Throughout this expedition of five hundred 
miles the Confederates were unable to check Sherman's 
progress, and thousands abandoned their sinking cause 
and joined the Union army. 

3. On the 27th of February, General Sheridan left 
Winchester, Virginia, on a cavalry expedition into the 
Shenandoah Valley. After defeating the Confederate 
army under Early and destroying the communications 
with Richmond by which Lee's supplies were cut off, 
he joined Grant's army on the James river. 

4. On the 29th of March, Grant and Meade com- 
menced vigorous operations against Petersburg which 
were continued until the night of the 2d of April, 1865, 
when the Confederates evacuated it and retreated west- 
ward. They were so closely followed by the Union 
army that, on the 9th of April, 1865, General Lee 
surrendered the remnant of his forces to General Grant. 
On the 26th of April, General Joseph E. Johnston sur- 
rendered the Confederate army under his command to 
General Sherman. This was the only remaining army 
of any size in opposition to the government. 

3. What of Sheridan's expedition into the Shenandoah Valley? 
4. What of the operations against Petersburg ? What of the sur- 
render of Lee's army? What of Johnston's army? 
12 



134 HISTORY OF THE UNITED STATES. 

5. The surrender of Lee's army caused feelings of 
great joy throughout the country, but they were soon 
changed into those of sadness. On the 14th of April, 
1865, Abraham Lincoln, President of the United States, 
was assassinated at Ford's Theatre, in the city of Wash- 
ington, by John Wilkes Booth, and died on the following 
day. An attempt was also made at the same time to 
take the life of Secretary Seward, but it did not succeed. 

6. On the 15th of April, 1865, Andrew Johnson 
took the oath of office as President of the United States. 
He appointed the 25th of May as a day of public 
mourning throughout the country on account of the 
death of Abraham Lincoln. 

7. A reward of one hundred thousand dollars was 
now offered for the capture of Jefferson Davis, the 
President of the Confederacy, who was trying to escape 
from the country. He was captured near Irwinsville, 
Georgia, on the 10th of May, by Colonel Pritchard. 

8. On the 29th of May, 1865, President Johnson 
offered pardon to all persons engaged in the rebellion, 
excepting those in the army who ranked above a Colonel 
and in the navy above a Lieutenant, and excepting a 
few other persons, providing they would take the oath 
of allegiance and keep it. Thousands availed themselves 
of the offer. 

9. On the 23d of June, 1865, the President declared 

5. What effect had the surrender of Lee's army ? What sad act 
changed the feelings of the nation ? 6. Who now became Presi- 
dent? What day was appointed for public mourning? 7. What 
is said of the capture of Jefferson Davis? 8. What pardon was 
offered by the President ? 9. What was done on the 23d of June ? 



EVENTS OF 1865. 135 

that the ports in i\\e United States should be no longer 
blockaded, and that all ports should be open for com- 
merce on and after the 1st of July. 

10. On the 18th of August, a military commission 
was appointed to try Captain Wirz for barbarous treat- 
ment of the Union prisoners at Andersonville prison, 
Georgia. He was found guilty of the most inhuman 
conduct and was afterwards hanged. 

11. The ordinances of secession were repealed by 
most of the Southern States before the close of the 
year 1865, and several of them passed resolutions pro- 
hibiting slavery within their limits. 

10. What was done with Captain AVirz ? 11. What is said of the 
repeal of the secession ordinances ? 



CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE (1492-1866). 



DISCOVERIES. 

1492. America discovered by Columbus. (S.) * 

1497. The Cabots discovered Labrador. (E.) 

1498. Sebastian Cabot explored the coast of N. America. (E.) 

1499. Vespucius visited the Nevs^ World. (S.) 
1512. Ponce de Leon discovered Florida. (S.) 

1524. Verrazani explored the coast of North America. (F.) 

1534. Cartier discovered the Gulf and River of St. Law- 

rence. (F.) 

1535. Cartier sailed up the St. Lawrence to MontreaL 
1539. De Soto invaded Florida. (S.) 

1541. De Soto discovered the. Mississippi River. 
Cartier built a fort near Quebec. 

1542. De Soto died. 

1562. Settlementat Port Royal, S. Carolina, by Ribault. (F.) 

1564. Settlement at St. John's river by Laudonnier. (F.) 

1565. St. Augustine settled by the Spaniards. (S.) 

1583. Gilbert's voyage to Newfoundland. (E.) 

1584. Raleigh sent out an expedition under Amidas and 

Barlow. (E.) 
Virginia named. 
15S5. Settlement made at Roanoke by Grenville. (E.) 
1587. Second colony sent to Roanoke under John White. (E.) 

* The nations sending out the expeditions : S. (Spanish), E. 
(English), and F. (French). 

12* (137) 



138 CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. 

1602. Gosnold discovered Cape Cod. (E.) 

1606. London and Plymouth Companies received grants in 

America. 

VIRGINIA. 

1607. Jamestown settled by the English. 
Captain Smith taken by .the Indians. 

1610. Smith returned to England. 

Lord Delaware arrived at Jamestown. 

1619. First Legislative Assembly met at Jamestown. 

1620. African slavery introduced into Virginia. 
1622. Indians attempted to massacre the English. 
1624. Virginia became a royal province. 

1639. Berkeley appointed governor. 

1644. Seco«d attempt of the Indians to massacre the 

English. 

1663. Navigation Act enforced. 

1676. Bacon's Rebellion. 

1677. Culpepper became governor. 

NEW YORK. 

1609. Hudson river discovered. 

1614. New York (New Amsterdam) settled by the Dutch. 

1645. Indians defeated at Strickland's Plain. 

1664. New York captured by the English. 
1674. Andross made governor of New York. 
1683. A Charter of Liberties established. 
1688. Andross again became governor. 
1691. Colonel Sloughter appointed governor. 

MASSACHUSETTS. 

1607. Settlement commenced on the Kennebec river. 
1614. Captain Smith explored the coast of New England. 



CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. 139 

1620. Plymouth settled by the Puritans. 
1628. Salem settled by John Endicott. 
1630. Boston settled by Winthrop. 

1635. Roger Williams banished. 

1636. Ann Hutchinson and Rev. John Wheelwright ban 

ished. 
1639. First printing-press in America established. 
1643. Union of the New England colonies. 
1656. Quakers banished from the colony. 

1675. King Philip's War broke out. 
1684. The Charter declared invalid. 

1686. Andross appointed governor of New England. 

1689. Andross imprisoned by the people. 
1704. Deerfield destroyed by the Indians. 

NEW HAMPSHIRE. 

1622. New Hampshire granted to Gorges and Mason. 

1623. New Hampshire first settled at Dover. 
1638. Exeter settled. 

1641. New Hampshire placed under Massachusetts. 

1679. New Hampshire separated from Massachusetts. 

1680. Edward Cranfield appointed governor. 

1690. Samuel Allen appointed governor. 

NEW JERSEY. 

1624. New Jersey first settled at Bergen. 
1664. Elizabethtown settled. 

1670. The payment of quit-rents demanded. 
1672. The settlers rebelled against the payment of quit- 
rents. 

1676. A part of New Jersey sold to the Quakers. 

1677. The province divided into East and West Jersey. 
1682. East Jersey purchased by William Penn. 



140 CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. 

1688. Andross appointed governor of New Jersey. 

1702. East and "West Jersey united. 

1738. New Jersey separated from New York. 

DELAWARE. 

1629. The Dutch purchased the territory of Delaware. 
1638. Swedes settled at mouth of Christiana Creek. 

1651. Dutch built a fort at New Castle. 
1655. Delaware captured by the Dutch. 
1664. Delaware captured by the English. 
1682. Delaware granted to William Penn. 

1691. Delaware placed under a separate governor. 
1702. Delaware finally separated from Pennsylvania. 

MARYLAND. 

1632. Clayborne built trading-houses on Kent Island. 
Lord Baltimore o])tained charter for Maryland. 

1634. St. Mary settled by Calvert. 

1635. Clayborne's rebellion. 
1642. Indian war broke out. 
1645. Clayborne's second rebellion. 

1652. Lord Baltimore deprived of the government of 

Maryland. 
1676. Lord Baltimore died. 
1691. Maryland became a royal province. 
1715. The government restored to the heirs of Baltimore. 

CONNECTICUT. 

1630. Connecticut granted to the Earl of Warwick. 

1633. The Dutch' built a fort at Hartford. 

The English built a trading-house at Windsor. 

1635. Settlements made at Windsor and Weathersfield. 

1636. Hartford settled by Thomas Hooker. 



CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. 141 

1637. Pequod war commenced. 

1638. New Haven founded by Eaton and Davenport. 
1650. The Dutch relinquished their claim to Connecticut. 

1662. Charter granted by Charles II. 

1687. Andross appointed governor of all New England. 

The Charter secreted in the " Charter-Oak.'' 
1692. Fletcher appointed commander of the Connecticut 
militia. 

RHODE ISLAND. 

1636. Rhode Island settled at Providence by Roger Wil- 
liams. 

1638. Portsmouth settled. 

1639. Newport settled. 

1644. Charter granted to Roger Williams. 
1647. Delegates met at Portsmouth. 

1663. Second charter granted to Rhode Island by Charles II. 

NORTH CAROLINA. 

1663. Settlement made on Albemarle Sound. 

1665. Emigrants settled on Cape Fear River. 

1683. Seth Sothel became governor. 

1695. John Archdale became governor. 

1707. French Protestants settled on Trent River. 

1711. War with Tuscarora and Coree Indians. 

1729. North and South Carolina separated. 

SOUTH CAROLINA. 

1670. South Carolina settled at Old Charleston. 
1680. The present city of Charleston settled. 
1690. Seth Sothel became governor. 
1695. John Archdale became governor. 
1702. Moore's expedition against St. Augustine. 



142 CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. 

1706. A French and Spanish fleet attacked Charleston. 
1715. War with the Yamasee Indians. 

PENNSYLVANIA. 

1643. The Swedes built a fort on Tinicum Island. 

1681. Pennsylvania granted to William Penn. 
Emigrants arrived at Chester. 

1682. Philadelphia founded by Penn. 
The first Assembly met at Chester. 

1684. Penn returned to England. 

1692. Penn deprived of the government until 1694. 

1701. Penn granted a new Charter to the inhabitants. 
1718. Penn died in London. 

1761. Mason and Pixou's line fixed. 

GEORGIA. 

1732. Georgia granted to a company of gentlemen. 

1733. Savannah settled by Oglethorpe. 

1738. George AVhitefield visited Georgia. 

1739. Oglethorpe made an expedition against Florida. 
1742. Georgia invaded by the Spaniards. 

1752. Georgia became a royal province. 

COLONIAL WARS. 

1689. King William's War commenced. 

1690. The town of Schenectady destroyed. 
Expedition against Quebec under Phipps. 

1697. The war ended by Treaty of Ryswick. 

1702. Queen Anne's War commenced. 
1704. Deerfield burned. 

1710. Port Royal captured by the English. 
1713. The war ended by the Treaty of Utrecht. 
1744. King George's War commenced. 



CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. liS 

1745. Louisburg captured by the English. 

1748. The war ended by Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle. 

FRENCH AND INDIAN WAR. 

1753. English traders seized by the French. 
Washington sent with a letter to the French governor. 

1754. Washington surrendered Fort Necessity. 
Delegates from seven colonies met at Albany. 

1755. General Braddock appointed commander-in-chief of 

the English forces in America. 
Nova Scotia captured by Winslow and Monckton. 
Braddock's expedition against Fort Duquesne. 
Unsuccessful expedition against Niagara under 

Shirley. 
Unsuccessful expedition against Crown Point under 

Johnson. 

1756. England declared war against France. 
Oswego captured by the French under Montcalm. 

1757. Fort William Henry captured by the French. 
William Pitt became Prime Minister of England. 

1758. Louisburg captured by the English. 
English defeated at Ticonderoga. 
English captured Fort Frontenac. 

Fort Duquesne taken by the English under Forbes. 

1759. Fort Niagara captured by the English. 
Ticonderoga captured by the English. 
Quebec captured by the English under Wolfe. 

1760. Montreal surrendered to the English. 
1763. War ended by the Treaty at Paris. 



FROM THE FRENCH WAR TO THE REVOLUTION. 

1764. Parliament laid a tax on sugar, etc. 

1765. Stamp-Act passed. 



144 CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. 

1765. First Colonial Congress met at New York. 

1766. Stamp-Act repealed. 

1767. Tax imposed on tea, glass, etc. 

1768. Massachusetts sent circular to the other colonies. 
Troops under General Gage arrived in Boston. 

1770. Boston Massacre occurred. 

Duties repealed on all articles except tea. 

1773. Tea destroyed in Boston harbor. 

1774. Boston Port Bill passed by Parliament. 

First Continental Congress met at Philadelphia. 
General Gage appointed military governor of Massa- 
chusetts. 

THE AMERICAN REVOLUTION. 

1775. Battle of Lexington, April 19th. 

Ticonderoga and Crown Point captured by the 

Americans. 
Continental Congress again met in Philadelphia. 
Washington elected commander-in-chief. 
British reenforced by Clinton, Howe, and Burgoyne. 
Prescott sent to fortify Bunker's Hill. 
Battle of Bunker's Hill. 

Washington took command of the army at Boston. 
Invasion of Canada by the Americans. 
Montreal captured. 

Arnold marched through the wilderness of Maine. 
Quebec assaulted. Americans repulsed. 
Lord Dunmore seized the powder in Virginia. 

1776. Norfolk burned. 
Americans evacuated Canada. 
British evacuated Boston. 
British attacked Charleston. 
Peclaration of Independence at Philadelphia. 
British took possession of Staten Island. 



CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. 145 

1776. Battle of Long Island. 

British defeated at Harlem Plains. 
Battle of White Plains. 
Fort Lee abandoned by the Americans. 
Washington retreated across New Jersey. 
Battle of Trenton. 

1777. Battle of Princeton. 

American winter-quarters at Morristown. 

Congress solicits aid of France. 

Lafayette arrived in America. 

Danbury burned by Tryon. 

Burgoyne invaded the United States from Canada. 

Fort Edward evacuated by the Americans. 

Fort Schuyler besieged by the British. 

General Schuyler superseded by Gates. 

Battle of Bennington. 

Battles of Stillwater. 

Surrender of Burgoyne. 

British fleet sailed up the Chesapeake. 

Battle of Brandywine. 

Wayne surprised at Paoli. 

Congress adjourned from Philadelphia to Lancaster. 

British entered Philadelphia (September 26th). 

Battle of Germantown. 

Attack on Fort Mercer. 

Washington's winter-quarters at Valley Forge. 

1778. France acknowledged the Independence of the United 

States. 
Clinton succeeded Howe in the command of the 

British. 
Philadelphia evacuated (June 18th). 
Battle of Monmouth. 
Expedition to recapture Rhode Island. 
Massacres at Wyoming and Cherry Valley. 
13 



146 CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. 

1778. Savannah captured by the British. 

1779. Sunbury captured by the British. 
Tories defeated at Kettle Creek. 
Americans defeated at Brier Creek. 
Lincoln repulsed at Stono Ferry. 
Savannah besieged by Lincoln and D'Estaing. 
Norfolk and Portsmouth plundered. 

Capture of Stony Point and Verplank's Point by 

the British. 
Stony Point recaptured by Wayne. 
Sullivan sent against the Indians. 
Paul Jones captured tvv^o English ships. 

1780. Charleston surrendered to the British. 

General Gates took command of Americans at the 

South. 
Battle at Sander's Creek. 
Battle of King's Mountain. 
Green superseded Gates. 
Arnold's treason. Execution of Andr6. 
England declared war against Holland. 

1781. Revolt of the Pennsylvania Line at Morristown. 
Arnold invaded Virginia. 

Battle of the Cowpens. 

Americans pursued by Cornwallis. 

Battle of Guilford Court-House. 

Battle of Hobkirk's Hill. 

Forts Watson, Granby, and Motte captured. 

Battle of Eutaw Springs. 

Cornwallis fortified Yorktown. 

Arnold burned New London. 

Cornwallis surrendered at Yorktown. 

1782. Commissioners appointed to conclude peace. 

1783. Treaty of Peace signed at Paris. 
Washington resigned his commission. 



CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. 14T 

1786. Shay's Insurrection. 

1787. The Convention at Philadelphia adopted the Federal 

Constitution. 

1789. First Congress met at New York. 
Washington inaugurated the first President. 

1790. General Harmer sent against the Indians. 
Congress met in Philadelphia. 

1791. St. Clair sent against the Indians. 
Vermont admitted. 

Bank of the United States established. 

1792. Kentucky admitted. 
"Washington reelected. 

1793. The French Minister Genet landed at Charleston. 

1794. The Whiskey Insurrection. 
Wayne defeated the Indians. 

1795. Wayne's treaty with the Indians. 
Jay's treaty with Great Britain. 
Treaties with Spain and Algiers. 

1796. Tennessee admitted. 
Washington's Farewell Address. 

1797. John Adams's Administration. 
Difficulties with France. 

1798. Congress authorized the raising of an army. 
French vessel L' Insurgent captured. 
Alien and Sedition laws passed. 

1799. Death of Washington. 

1800. Treaty of Peace with France. 

Seat of Government removed to Philadelphia. 

1801. Jeflferson's Administration. 
War with Tripoli. 

1802. Ohio admitted. 

1803. Louisiana purchased from France. 
The frigate Philadelphia captured. 

1804. The Philadelphia destroyed by Decatur. 



148 CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. 

1804. Tripoli blockaded. 

Hamilton killed in a duel by Aaron Burr. 

1805. Eaton captured Derne. 
Treaty with Tripoli. 
Jefferson reelected. 

1806. Great Britain and France blockaded. 

1807. Burr tried for treason. 

The Chesapeake attacked by the British ship 

Leopard. 
Orders in Council and Milan Decree issued. 
Embargo laid on American vessels. 
1809. Intercourse with France and England prohibited. 
Madison's Administration. 

1811. The frigate President fired into the British sloop 

Little Belt. 
Harrison sent against the Indians. 
Battle of Tippecanoe. 

1812. Louisiana admitted. 

War declared against Great Britain (June 18th). 
General Hull crossed into Canada. 
Michigan surrendered to the British. 
Battle of Queenstown. 
Essex captured the British sloop Alert. 
Constitution captured the British frigate Guerriere. 
Wasp captured the British brig Frolic. 
United States captured the British frigate Mace- 
donian. 
Constitution captured British frigate Java. 
Madison reelected President. 

1813. Battle at Winchester. 
Siege of Fort Meigs. 

British repulsed at Fort Stephenson. 
Perry's victory on Lake Erie. 
Maiden evacuated by the British. 



^ 



CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. 149 

1813. Battle at the Moravian towns. 
Americans captured York. 
British abandoned Fort George. 
Battle at Stony Creek. 

British repulsed at Sackett's Harbor. 

War with the Creek and Seminole Indians. 

Massacre at Fort Mimms. 

Indians defeated at Tohopeka. 

Hornet captured the British brig Peacock. 

Chesapeake captured by the British frigate Shannon. 

Argus captured by the British sloop Pelican. 

The British brig Boxer captured by the Enterprise. 

British squadron entered the Chesapeake Bay. 

1814. Fort Erie captured by Scott and Ripley. 
British defeated at Chippewa. 

Battle at Lundy's Lane. 

Siege of Fort Erie. 

Battle of Plattsburg and defeat of the British on 

Lake Champlain. 
British captured "Washington. 
Attempt to capture Baltimore. 
Hartford Convention. 
Essex captured by the British vessels Phoebe and 

Cherub. 
Frolic captured by British frigate Orpheus. 
Peacock captured the British Epervier. 
Wasp captured the British vessels Reindeer and Avon. 
Treaty of peace signed at Ghent. 

1815. Frigate President captured by a British squadron. 
Constitution captured the Cyane and Levant. 
Hornet captured the British brig Penguin. 
Pensacola captured by Jackson. 

Attack on New Orleans. 
Decatur sent to the Mediterranean. 
13^ 



150 CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. 

1816. Indiana admitted. 

1817. James Monroe inaugurated. 
Mississippi admitted. 
Seminole War in Georgia. 

1818. Illinois admitted. 

1819. Alabama admitted. 

Part of the northern boundary of the United States 
settled by treaty. 

1820. Maine admitted. 

1821. Missouri admitted. "Missouri Compromise "adopted. 
Monroe Doctrine proclaimed. 

Treaty between Spain and the United States. 

1824. Lafayette visited the United States. 

1825. John Quincy Adams inaugurated. 
John Adams and Thomas Jefferson died. 

1829. Jackson inaugurated President of the United States. 

1831. James Monroe died. 

1832. Black Hawk War. 

South Carolina passed the Nullification Act. 
Removal of government funds to state banks. 

1835. Seminole War commenced by Osceola. 
Major Dade defeated. 

1836. "Specie Circular" issued. 
"Distribution Act" passed. 
Arkansas admitted. 

1837. Van Buren inaugurated. 

Osceola imprisoned by General Jessup. 
Rebellion broke out in Canada. 

1841. Harrison inaugurated. 
Harrison died (April 4). 

Bills for rechartering the United States Bank vetoed. 

1842. Treaty with Seminole Indians. 
Difficulties in Rhode Island. 

1845. Florida admitted. 



CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. 151 

1845. James K. Polk inaugurated. 
Annexation of Texas. 

General Taylor sent to Corpus Christi. 

1846. Oregon boundary line settled. 
Iowa admitted. 

Hostilities commenced by the Mexicans. 

Fort Brown attacked by the Mexicans. 

Mexicans defeated at Palo Alto. 

Battle of Resaca de la Palma. 

Taylor took possession of Matamoras. 

Monterey captured by Taylor. 

California, New Mexico, and Chihuahua captured. 

1847. General Scott took command of the army in Mexico. 
Santa Anna defeated at Buena Vista. 

Vera Cruz surrendered to General Scott. 
Santa Anna defeated at Cerro Gordo. 
Scott took possession of La Puebla. 
Contreras and Churubusco captured by Scott. 
El Molinos del Rey and Chapultepec captured. 
Scott enters the City of Mexico. 

1848. Treaty of Peace at Guadalupe Hidalgo. 
Wisconsin admitted into the Union. 

1849. Taylor inaugurated President. 

Henry Clay's compromise bill introduced into Con- 
gress. 

1850. President Taylor died. 
California admitted into the Union. 
Death of Clay and Webster. 

1853. Franklin Pierce inaugurated President. 
Death of Vice-President King. 
Treaty with Mexico. 

1854. Commodore Perry's treaty "with Japan. 
Territories of Kansas and Nebraska organized. 

1857. James Buchanan inaugurated. 



152 CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. 

1857. A military force sent against the Mormons. 

1858. Minnesota admitted as a State. 

1859. Oregon admitted as a State. 

John Brown seized Harper's Ferry. 

1860. Kansas admitted as a free State. 
Abraham Lincoln elected President. 
South Carolina seceded from the Union. 

The Star of the West hred into by the South Carolina 
troops (January 9). 

1861. Other States seceded from the Union. 
The Southern Confederacy formed. 
Abraham Lincoln inaugurated. 

General Anderson evacuated Fort Sumpter (April 12). 

The President called for seventy-five thousand men. 

Union troops attacked while passing through Balti- 
more. 

The public property at Harper's Ferry and Norfolk 
destroyed. 

Call for volunteers for the army and navy. 

Battle of Great Bethel (June 10). 

Confederates defeated at Rich Mountain, Virginia. 

Battle at St. George, Virginia. 

Battle of Bull Run (July 21). 

General McClellan appointed commander of the army. 

The forts at Ilatteras Inlet captured by the Union 
troops. 

General Rosecrans defeated the Confederates at Sum- 
merville. 

General Scott resigned as commander-in-chief. 

Hilton Head and Beaufort captured (November 7). 

Captain Wilkes captured Mason and Slidell. 

Battle near Carthage, Missouri. 

Fort Lexington, Missouri, captured by the Confeder- 
ates. 



CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. 163 

1861. Confederates defeated at Milford, Missouri. 

1862. Battle near Somerset, Kentucky. 

Fort Donelson captured by General Grant, (Feb. 16). 

Confederates defeated at Pea Ridge, Arkansas. 

Battle of Shiloh, Tennessee. 

Capture of Island No. 10 by the Union troops. 

Capture of Huntsville by General Mitchell. 

Surrender of New Orleans to the Union army. 

Invasion of Kentucky by General Bragg. 

Attack upon Corinth, Mississippi. 

Sherman defeated at Vicksburg. 

Capture of Roanoke Island. 

The frigates Cumberland and Congress sunk by the 

Merrimac. 
The Merrimac defeated by the Monitor. 
Army of the Potomac advanced towards JRichmond 

(February 22). 
Burnside captured Newbern. 
Forts Pulaski and Macon captured. 
McClellan landed at Fortress Monroe. 
Battle of A¥illiamsburg. , 

Norfolk captured. 
Battle of Fair Oaks. 
Seven days' fighting before Richmond. 
Banks attacked at Winchester. 
Confederates defeated at Cross Keys. 
The troops under Fremont, Banks, and McDowell 

consolidated. 
Three hundred thousand more troops called by the 

President. 
Halleck appointed commander-in-chief. 
Confiscation Act passed. 
Washington threatened. 
Battle of Cedar Mountain. 



154 CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. 

1862. Attempt to destroy Pope's army. 
Battle of South Mountain. 
Harper's Ferry surrendered. 
Battle of Antietam. 

Cavalry raid into Pennsylvania. 
McClellan superseded by Burnside. 
Battle of Fredericksburg. 

1863. Slaves freed in the Southern States (January 1). 
Arkansas Post captured by Porter. 

Union forces defeated at Spring Hill and Cedar 

Bluff. 
Confederates defeated at Champion Hills. 
Capture of Vicksburg by Grant. 
Capture of Port Hudson by Banks. 
Morgan's raid into Indiana. 
Battle at Chicamauga. 
Wheeler's raid into Tennessee. 
Burbridge defeated at Bayou Coteau. 
Battle of Chattanooga. 
Longstreet's atmy defeated. 
Hooker appointed commander of the Army of the 

Potomac. 
West Virginia admitted as a State. 
A draft for three hundred thousand men ordered. 
Pviot in New York. 
Battle of Chancellorsville. 
Stoneman's raid through Virginia. 
Battle of Gettysburg. 
Siege of Fort Wagner commenced in July. 

1864. Draft for five hundred thousand men ordered. 
Sherman's raid through Mississippi. 
Smith's raid through Mississippi. 
Confederates repulsed at Paducah, Ky. 
Banks defeated at Mansfield, La. 



CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. 156 

1864. Confederates captured Fort Pillow. 

Union forces defeated at Guntown, Tennessee, 

Morgan's raid into Kentucky. 

Morgan defeated by Burbridge. 

Confederates defeated by Sherman at Decatur and 

Atlanta. 
Confederate fleet defeated by Farragut in Mobile 

Bay. 
Fort Gaines and Fort Morgan captured. 
Confederates defeated at Jonesboro. 
General French defeated at Altoona. 
General Thomas retreated to Nashville. 
Hood's army defeated at Nashville. 
Sherman's march from Atlanta to Savannah. 
The command of the Union armies assigned to 

Grant. 
Plymouth captured by the Confederates. 
Army of the Potomac moved towards Richmond 

(May 4). 
Battle of the "Wilderness, 
Battle of Spottsylvania Court-House. 
Butler landed at Bermuda Hundred. 
Grant commenced the siege of Petersburg. 
Butler attacked by Beauregard. 
The pirate Alabama captured. 
General Early invaded Maryland. 
Chambersburg burned (July 30). 
Sheridan defeated the Confederates at Opequan, 

Virginia. 
Abraham Lincoln reelected President. 

1865. Wilmington captured by the Union troops. 
Sherman's campaign through South Carolina. 
Sheridan's raid into the Shenandoah Valley. 
Vigorous operations against Petersburg commenced. 



156 CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. 

1865. General Lee's army surrendered to Grant. 
Johnston's army surrendered to Sherman. 
Abraham Lincoln assassinated (April 14). 
Andrew Johnson inaugurated President. 
Jefferson Davis captured. 

The President issued a proclamation of pardon. 
The United States ports opened for commerce. 
Captain Wirz tried and hanged. 
Secession ordinances repealed. 



CHRONOLOGICAL TABLE. 157 



WARS OF THE COLONIES AND STATES. 

Pequod War between Pequod Indians and Connecticut 
settlers ; commenced in 1637, and ended the same 
year. 

King Philip's War between the Indians under Philip and 
the Massachusetts settlers ; commenced in 1G75, and 
ended in 1676. 

King William's War between England and France ; com- 
menced in 1689, and ended in 1697 by treaty oiT Rys- 
wick. 

Queen Anne's War between England and France ; com- 
menced in 1702, and ended in 1713 by treaty of 
Utrecht. 

King George's War between England and France ; com- 
menced in 1744, and ended in 1748 by treaty of Aix-la- 
Chapelle. 

French and Indian War between the English and French 
Provinces in America; commenced in 1755, and ended 
in 1763 by the treaty at Paris. 

Revolutionary War between England and American 
Colonies ; commenced 1775, and ended in 1783 by the 
treaty at Paris. 

War of 1812 between England and the United Scates ; 
commenced in 1812, and ended in 1815 by the treaty at 
Ghent. 

Mexican War between the United States and Mexico; 
commenced in 1846, and ended in 1848 by the treaty at 
Guadalupe Hidalgo. 

AYar for the Union between the United States Government 
and the so-called " Southern Confederacy'* ; commenced 
in 1861, and ended in 1865 by the capture of the Con- 
federate armies. 
14 



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SETTLEMENTS AND ADMISSIONS OF THE STATES. 



States. 



Virginia 

New York 

Massachusetts ... 
New Hampshire 

New Jersey 

Connecticut 

Maryland 

Rhode Island 

Delaware. 

North Carolina.. 
South Carolina.. 
Pennsylvania.... 

Georgia 

Vermont 

Kentucky 

Tennessee 

Ohio 

Louisiana 

Indiana 

Mississippi 

Illinois 

Alabama 

Maine 

Missouri 

Arkansas 

Michigan 

Florida 

Texas 

Iowa 

Wisconsin 

California 

Minnesota 

Oregon 

Kansas 

West Virginia... 
Nevada 



When 
settled. 



1607 
1(314 
1620 
1623 
1624 
1633 
1634 
1(>36 
1638 
1663 
1670 
1681 
1733 
1725 
1775 
1757 
1788 
1699 
1690 
1699 
1686 
1702 
1613 
1763 
1685 
1668 
1565 
1690 
1833 
1690 
1769 
1846 
1811 



Where settled. 



By whom 
settled. 



Admitted into 
the Union as 

States. 



Jamestown 

New York 

Plymouth 

Dover 

Bergen 

Hartford 

St. Mary 

Providence 

New Sweden 

Albemarle 

Old Charleston 

Chester 

Savannah 

Fort Duinmer 

Boonsboro' 

Fort Loudon.. 

Marietta 

Iberville 

Vincennes 

Bayof Biloxi 

Kaskaskia 

Mobile 

Mt. Desert Island.... 

St. Genevieve 

Arkansas Post 

Sault St. Marie 

St. Augustine 

St. Antonia do Bexar 

Burlington 

Green Bay 

Los Angelos 

St. Paul 

Astoria 



English 

Dutch 

English 

English 

1 Dutch 

IDutcli 

[English 

j English 

Swedes 

English 

English 

English 

'English 

! English 

I United States 

English 

United States 

French 

French 

French 

French 

French 

French 

French 

French 

French 

Spanish 

Spanish 

United States 

French 

Spanish 

United States 

United States 

United States 

United States 

United States 



1791 
1792 
1796 
1802 
1812 
1816 
1817 
1818 
1819 
1820 
1821 
1836 
18.37 
1845 
1845 
1846 
1848 
1850 
1858 
1859 
1860 
1863 
1864 



* The thirteen original States. 



(159) 



THE END. 



